Valve y'icyuma kidashonga ni iki?

A valve y'icyuma kitagira umwandani valve ikozwe mu cyuma kitagira umugese. Ishobora gukoreshwa mu kugenzura urujya n'uruza rw'amazi atandukanye, harimo umwuka, amazi, umwuka w'umwuka, ibintu bitandukanye byangiza, ibitonyanga, amavuta, ibyuma by'amazi, n'ibintu bikoresha imirasire.

1. Incamake y'ibanze n'ubwoko bw'ingenzi bwa valves z'icyuma kidashonga

Ibisobanuro n'ibiranga by'ingenzi:

A valve y'icyuma kitagira umwandani valve ifite ibice by'ingenzi, nk'umubiri wa valve n'igipfundikizo cya valve, bikozwe mu cyuma kitagira umugese.

Ni ubwoko bwa valve idakunze kugwa ingese, irwanya ingese, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'umuvuduko mwiza.

Ingano y'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ya valves z'icyuma kitagira umuvuduko ishobora kuva ku muvuduko uri hasi cyane wa 0.0013MPa kugeza ku muvuduko uri hejuru cyane wa 1000MPa, naho ingano y'ubushyuhe ikoreshwa ishobora kuva ku bushyuhe buri hasi cyane bwa -269℃ kugeza ku bushyuhe buri hejuru bwa 1430℃. Ishobora kugenzura ubwoko butandukanye bw'amazi, harimo amazi, umwuka w'amazi, peteroli, gaze, slurry, ibintu bitandukanye byangiza, ibyuma by'amazi, n'amazi akoresha imirasire.

• Ubudahangarwa ku bushyuhe bwinshi: Icyuma kidashonga gifite aho gishongera cyane kandi gishobora kwihanganira gukoreshwa ahantu hashyuha cyane.
• Ubudahangarwa n'Ingese: Ibyuma bitangiza ibyuma ntibikunze kwangirika kandi bishobora kwihanganira ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho byangiza ikirere.
• Ubudahangarwa bwiza cyane: Icyuma kidafunze gifite imbaraga n'ubukomere bwiza cyane, bigatuma gishobora kwihanganira ibidukikije bifite umuvuduko mwinshi.

2. Gushyira mu byiciro Valves z'icyuma kidashonga:

Valve z'icyuma kidakoresha ifu ziza mu moko atandukanye, harimo ubwoko busanzwe burimo:

2.1. Gushyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe ubwoko bwa Valve:

• Valve y'Irembo ry'Icyuma Kidafunze
• Valve y'icyuma gifunganye
• Valve yo kugenzura icyuma kidafunze
• Valve y'icyuma gifunganye cy'ikinyugunyugu
• Valve y'umupira w'icyuma kidasembuye

Muri byo, valve z'icyuma kidapfa gushonga zifungura kandi zifunga vuba binyuze mu kuzunguruka igice cy'imbere cya valve kuri dogere 90. Hashingiwe ku miterere yazo, zishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bwo kureremba, buhamye, n'ubudapfa guhindagurika.

2.2. Gushyira mu byiciro ibikoresho bya Valve:

• Valve ya CF8 (Valve ya 304)
• Valve ya CF8M (Valve ya 316)
• Valve ya CF3 (valve ya 304L)
• Valve ya CF3M (valve ya 316L)

Ibindi bikoresho bya valive z'icyuma kidashonga birimo valive 321, valive 201, nibindi.

3. Icyuma kitagira umugese ni iki?

Ibyuma bitagira umugese ni ijambo icyuma kitagira umugese n'icyuma kitagira aside. Ibyuma bitagira umugese birwanya imashini zikoresha ibyuma byangiza nk'umwuka, umwuka n'amazi, cyangwa ibifite ubushobozi bwo kwirinda ingese, byitwa icyuma kitagira umugese. Ibyuma bitagira umugese birwanya imashini zikoresha ibyuma byangiza (aside, alkali, umunyu, nibindi) byitwa icyuma kitagira umugese.

Abahanga mu by'ibyuma bateje imbere ibyuma byinshi bishya byongereyemo ibintu nka Mo, Cu, Nb, na Ti mu byuma bitangiza ibyuma cyangwa ibintu bigabanya ibyuma nka C, Si, Mn, S, na F, mu bikorwa bitandukanye no mu mikoreshereze yabyo. Gukomera kw'imvura (gukomera kw'izuba) ibyuma bitangiza ibyuma hamwe n'ibyuma bitangiza ibyuma bibiri nabyo byatejwe imbere neza.

Icyitonderwa: Ibikoresho by'icyuma kidashonga bikunze gukoreshwa mu mavali birimo CF8, CF8M, CF3, na CF3M. Hariho kandi ibyuma binini bya super duplex, nka 4A, 5A, na 6A.

Ibiranga icyuma kitagira umugese

• Ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo kwangirika: Udupira tw'icyuma kidashonga dufite ubushobozi bwo kwangirika neza, turwanya kwangirika kw'ibintu bitandukanye bya shimi kandi tubereye ahantu hatandukanye n'ibidukikije.
• Imikorere myiza yo gufunga: Vali z'icyuma kidafunze zikoresha ibikoresho byoroshye nk'ubuso bwo gufunga, bigatuma zikora neza kandi zikarinda amazi gusohoka neza.
• Ingufu nyinshi no Kudashira: Ibikoresho bya valve by'icyuma kidashira bifite imbaraga nyinshi, bigatuma bihanganira gukoreshwa mu gihe cy'imivuduko itandukanye. Muri icyo gihe, valve z'icyuma kidashira zigaragaza imbaraga nziza zo kudashira, bigatuma zikoreshwa igihe kirekire nta kwangirika gukomeye.
• Biryoshye kandi byoroshye gusukura: Utwuma tw’icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gishyuha dufite isura nziza kandi dufite ubuso burabagirana, bigatuma byoroshye gusukura no kubungabunga.
• Uburyo bwo gukoresha mu buryo bwagutse: Vali z'icyuma kidakoresha umwanda zishobora gutoranywa hashingiwe ku buryo bwihariye bwo gukoresha n'imiterere y'amazi, bigatuma zikoreshwa mu buryo bwagutse.

4. Ibintu n'Ibyerekeye Guhitamo Valve z'Icyuma Gitarangwamo Ifu

4.1. Isesengura ry'Uburyo Bukoreshwa n'Ibidukikije:

Ingingo z'ingenzi zo guhitamo ni ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, n'umuvuduko w'amazi. Urugero, mu bidukikije birimo iyoni za chloride (nk'amazi yo mu nyanja cyangwa amazi y'umunyu) cyangwa ibinyabutabire byangiza cyane, icyuma cya 316 cyangwa 316L kidashonga neza kigomba gushyirwa imbere kuruta icyuma cya 304 kisanzwe kidashonga.

4.2. Guhitamo ibikoresho by'icyuma kidasesagura:

Ingano zitandukanye z'icyuma kitagira umugese zigaragaza itandukaniro rikomeye mu mikorere, zisaba guhuza neza hashingiwe ku miterere y'imikorere.

• 304 Icyuma Kidafunze: Gifite 18% ya chromium na 8% ya nikeli (18/8 cyuma kidafunze), gifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese n'imikorere ya mekanike, kibereye ahantu henshi hatari cyane, nko mu miyoboro y'amazi yo mu mujyi, mu nganda z'ibiribwa, no muri sisitemu za HVAC. Ingufu zacyo zo gukurura ≥520MPa no kurekura ≥40%.
• Ibyuma bita 316/316L by'icyuma kidashonga: Hashingiwe kuri 304, molybdenum (Mo) yongerwaho, birushaho kunoza cyane ubudahangarwa bw'ingufu, cyane cyane ubudahangarwa bw'ingufu. Bikwiriye gukoreshwa mu buhanga bwo mu mazi, mu gusiba amazi yo mu nyanja, mu bigega byo kubikamo imiti, no mu bindi bidukikije birimo iyoni za chloride cyangwa bifite ubukana bukomeye bwo kwangirika. 316L ifite ingano nto ya karuboni (≤0.03%), ikarinda neza kwangirika hagati y'ibice nyuma yo gusudira, bigatuma ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu tumashini tunini dukenera gusudira.
• 3. Ibindi Bikoresho: Ku bice bisaba imbaraga nyinshi no kudashira (nk'imizingo ya valve n'imirongo ya valve), icyuma cya martensitic stainless (nk'icya 410) gishobora gukoreshwa; mu bihe bikomeye by'umuvuduko mwinshi, ingese nyinshi, n'umuvuduko mwinshi w'amazi (nk'uko bicukurwamo peteroli na gaze), icyuma cya duplex stainless (nk'icya 2205), gifite imbaraga zikubye kabiri 304, gishobora kwitabwaho.

4.3. Ibipimo bya Valve n'ibisabwa mu gufunga:

Ingano ya valve ikwiye (DN y'umurambararo muto) igomba gutoranywa hashingiwe ku bunini bw'imiyoboro n'ibisabwa ku miyoboro, kandi igomba guhuzwa neza n'igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'imikorere ya sisitemu. Imikorere yo gufunga igira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mikorere; bityo, imiterere n'ibikoresho bikwiye byo gufunga (nk'udupfundikizo tworoshye twa PTFE cyangwa udupfundikizo dukomeye twa alloy) bigomba gutoranywa hashingiwe ku miterere y'icyuma.

5. Ibiranga n'imikoreshereze ya Valves z'icyuma kidashonga

5.1. Ibiranga imiterere n'ishyirwa mu byiciro:

Uretse kuba ishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe imiterere yayo mu bwoko bugenda mu mazi, buhamye kandi buramba, imvange z'imipira y'icyuma kidashonga zishobora kandi gushyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe imiterere y'umubiri w'imvange mu bice bimwe (agace gato k'umuyoboro, imiterere mito), ibice bibiri (agace kuzuye), n'ibice bitatu (imiterere ivanze, byoroshye kuyisesa no kuyibungabunga, ubushobozi bwo kuyirwanya cyane). Ingano y'umurambararo ni nini, akenshi kuva kuri DN15 kugeza kuri DN200.

5.2. Ibyiza by'Imikorere:

• Ubudahangarwa ku Guturika: Amavali y'icyuma kidashonga afite ubudahangarwa bwiza ku Guturika, bigatuma yihanganira ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho byangiza kandi akarinda umutekano w'imiyoboro y'amazi.
• Ubudahangarwa ku bushyuhe bwinshi: Vali z'icyuma kidashonga zifite ubushyuhe bwinshi, bigatuma zibasha kwihanganira gukoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi kandi zigatuma imiyoboro y'amazi ihora ihagaze neza.
• Ubudahangarwa Bwiza bw'Umuvuduko: Vali z'icyuma kidashonga zifite ubushobozi bwo kudahangarwa neza n'umuvuduko, bigatuma zibasha kwihanganira gukoreshwa ahantu hari umuvuduko mwinshi kandi zigatuma imiyoboro y'amazi itekana.
• Ubudahangarwa n'ingese: Amavali y'icyuma kidakoresha imashini ntikunda kugwamo ingese, bigatuma igihe cyo kuyikoresha kirushaho kuba gito kandi bigagabanya ikiguzi cyo kuyisana.

Muri make, bitewe n'imikorere myiza yazo, ama-valve y'icyuma kidashonga afite umwanya ukomeye mu nganda z'ama-valve. Ama-valve y'icyuma kidashonga akoreshwa cyane mu kunoza umutekano n'ituze ry'imiyoboro y'amazi no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kuyabungabunga.

6. Ahantu ho Gukoresha Serivisi

Amavali y'icyuma kidafunze akoreshwa cyane mu binyabutabire, peteroli, peteroli, gukora impapuro, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, amashanyarazi, gaze ivanze n'amazi, ibiribwa, imiti, amazi n'imiyoboro y'amazi, uturere, ibikoresho by'imashini, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, n'inganda z'ubwubatsi mu mijyi. Ni ibice by'ingenzi byo kugenzura mu buryo bwo gutwara amazi y'imiyoboro, bikoreshwa mu guhindura agace k'inzira n'icyerekezo cy'inzira y'itumanaho, kandi bifite imirimo nko kuyobora, kuzimya, kugenzura, kugenzura, kugenzura amavali, kuyobya cyangwa kugabanya umuvuduko w'amazi.

7. Amabwiriza yo kwirinda

Mu guhitamo valves z'icyuma kidashonga, ibikoresho n'icyitegererezo bikwiye bigomba guhitamo hashingiwe ku bidukikije byihariye by'imikorere n'imiterere y'ibice by'amashanyarazi.

Amavali y'icyuma kidakoresha umwanda agomba gukoreshwa neza hakurikijwe amabwiriza ajyanye n'igihe cyo kuyashyiraho no kuyasana kugira ngo akore neza kandi akore neza.

Suzuma kandi ukomeze gukoresha valve z'icyuma kidashonga kugira ngo umenye vuba kandi ukemure ibibazo n'ibiza bishobora kubaho.

Ahantu ho Gushyira no Kubungabunga: Mu gihe cyo gushyiraho, inkingi ya valve igomba kuba ihagaze hejuru, kandi umugozi wo kuyiterura ugomba gushyirwa ku mpande, ntabwo ari ku ruziga rw'amaboko cyangwa ku mpande ya valve. Kugira ngo wirinde ingese, irinde gushwanyaguza ubuso mu gihe cyo gushyiraho no gukoresha. Nyuma yo gusudira, hagomba gukorwa uburyo bwo gukaraba no gukaraba ku gihe kugira ngo hasubizwe firime irinda. Mu bidukikije byangiza, ni byiza gusukura buri gihe no kugumisha icyuma cyumye.

8. Incamake

Amavali y'icyuma kidasa neza arakunzwe cyane bitewe n'imikorere myiza yayo n'uburyo butandukanye bwo kuyikoresha. Mu guhitamo no gukoresha amavali y'icyuma kidasa neza, ibintu nk'ibikoresho, icyitegererezo, aho imikorere ibera, n'ibisabwa mu gushyiraho no kubungabunga bigomba kwitabwaho byuzuye.