Valve yo gusuzuma umupira
Gusubira inyuma ni ikibazo gikomeye mu miyoboro y'amazi. Iyo pompe ihagaze, amazi asubira inyuma. Uwo muyoboro utunguranye ushobora kwangiza pompe, metero, ndetse n'imiyoboro yaturitse. Valve yo kugenzura umupira ni igisubizo cyoroshye kandi cyizewe kuri iki kibazo.
Niba ushaka valve idasubiza amazi, ikoreshwa mu gusukura, cyangwa mu kuhira, iyi mfashanyigisho izagufasha gusobanukirwa neza icyo valve ikoresha mu gusuzuma umupira ikora n'uburyo bwo guhitamo ikwiye.
Ni ikiValve yo gusuzuma umupira?
Valve yo kugenzura umupira ikoresha umupira urekura amazi kugira ngo wemerere gutembera mu cyerekezo kimwe kandi uhagarike mu cyerekezo gitandukanye. Tekereza nk'urugi rw'icyerekezo kimwe. Iyo amazi atemba imbere, asunika umupira ku ntebe yawo. Iyo amazi atemba cyangwa agerageza gusubira inyuma, umupira usubizwa ku ntebe, bigatuma ufunga neza.
Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni iki? Umupira ni wo gice cyonyine kigenda. Nta masiporo, nta mahinji, nta diaphragm. Ubwo buryo bworoshye butuma valve zo kugenzura umupira zikomera cyane.
Valve yo gusuzuma umupira ikora ite?
Biroroshye. Imbere mu gice cy'umubiri w'agapira hari umupira - akenshi uba ari icyuma gikomeye, icyuma kitagira umugozi, cyangwa utwikiriwe na rabara. Umupira wicaye ku ntebe.
- Urugendo rw'imbere: Igitutu cy'amazi gikura umupira ku ntebe. Umupira uragenda umanuka, maze amazi akanyura mu mwanya uri hagati y'umupira n'umubiri.
- Umuvuduko usubira inyuma: Igitutu cy'umugongo gisunika umupira usubira ku ntebe. Uko umuvuduko ugana inyuma urushaho gukomera, niko umupira urushaho gufunga.
Imiterere imwe n'imwe ikoresha imbavu ziyobora cyangwa icyumba kiri imbere mu mubiri kugira ngo umupira ukomeze hagati kandi ugende neza.
Ibyiza by'ingenzi bya value zo gusuzuma umupira
Ugereranije na valve zo kugenzura swing cyangwa valve zo kugenzura lift, valve zo kugenzura umupira zitanga inyungu nyinshi zifatika:
1. Gufunga neza cyane, gusohora amazi make
Umupira uhuza intebe n'umurongo cyangwa uruziga ruto. Iyo ubuso bwombi burangiye neza, uva hafi ya zeru. Amavali yo kugenzura ko uruziga akunze kuva iyo imyanda ifatiwe munsi ya disiki - ntabwo ari ikibazo hano.
2. Yihanganira itangazamakuru ryanduye
Umupira urazenguruka kandi ugatemba uko amazi atemba. Icyo gikorwa cyo kuzunguruka gikunda gukubita uduce duto. Ku mazi yanduye cyangwa amazi asubiwemo hamwe n'ibintu bikomeye, uturindantoki two kugenzura umupira turarenza cyane indi miterere myinshi.
3. Kugabanuka k'umuvuduko muke
Iyo umupira ufunguye neza, uba uhagaze neza cyane mu nzira y'amazi. Imbobo iba ifite ubunini hafi ya bwose, bityo igitutu kiba gito cyane ugereranyije n'imashini zigenzura amashanyarazi.
4. Ikora mu buryo butambitse kandi buhagaze (witonze)
Valve isanzwe yo kugenzura umupira ikoreshwa mu kuzunguruka ni iyo ku mirongo itambitse. Ariko hariho verisiyo zifashishwa n'impeshyi zo gutembera hejuru uhagaze. Ibindi bizavugwaho nyuma.
5. Biroroshye cyane kubungabunga
Kuraho igipfundikizo, ukuremo umupira, uwuhanagure neza, urebe neza intebe - nibyo. Umuntu umwe ashobora kubikora mu minota icumi.
Ibikoresho bisanzwe n'amazi akoreshwa
Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye bigira itandukaniro rikomeye. Dore uburyo busanzwe bukoreshwa mu murima:
| Ibikoresho by'umupira | Ibikoresho by'umubiri | Itangazamakuru risanzwe |
|---|---|---|
| Icyuma kidasesagura (304/316) | Icyuma kidasesagura (CF8/CF8M) | Ibinyobwa byangiza, aside yoroheje, ibishongesha, amavuta |
| Umupira upfutseho rubber (EPDM/NBR) | Icyuma gishongeshejwe cyangwa icyuma gishongeshejwe | Amasambu, amazi yo mu nyanja, ibitonyanga birimo ibintu bito bikomeye |
| Umupira ukomeye wa PTFE cyangwa PFA | Igice cy'umubiri w'agatebe gafite umurongo | aside ikomeye, alkali zikomeye, imiti isuku cyane |
| Umupira w'umuringa | Umuringa cyangwa umuringa | Amazi meza, umwuka udafite umuvuduko muke, amavuta ya lisansi |
Inama nyayo: Niba igice cyawe kirimo ibintu bifite fibrous - nk'impapuro cyangwa imigozi y'imyenda - umupira ushobora gupfunyikwa. Muri icyo gihe, ntugakoreshe valve yo kugenzura umupira. Koresha valve yo gushyiramo icyuma cyangwa valve yo kugenzura igiti cy'umuhondo. Valve yo kugenzura umupira ikora neza hamwe n'ibintu bikomeye cyangwa bizunguruka.
Porogaramu zisanzwe (Aho uzazibona)
- Sisitemu zo gutunganya no gutanga amazi– Imiyoboro yo gusohora pompe kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'inyundo y'amazi.
- Kuhira no guhinga– Aho basohokera pompe zo mu murima. Hahendutse, hakomeye, kandi umucanga ntuzabica byoroshye.
- Gupima imiti– Gupima ipompo isohora amazi. Ikorana na vali y'umuvuduko wo inyuma kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi asubira inyuma mu bigega by'imiti.
- Ibyokurya n'ibinyobwa– Ibyuma bitangiza ibyuma. Bikwiriye imiyoboro ya CIP.
- Inyanja n'inyanja– Imiyoboro ya Ballast, sisitemu zo gufunga. Irwanya ingese yo mu mazi yo mu nyanja.
- Gusukura amazi yanduye– Imirongo y'imyanda iva mu byuma bipima amazi by'ibanze, imirongo y'umwuka ikoreshwa mu byuma bikwirakwiza amazi (koresha umupira upfutseho karuboni).
Uburyo bwo Guhitamo Valve Ikwiye yo Gusuzuma Umupira - Ibibazo bitanu
Mbere yo kugura, ibaze ibi bibazo:
1. Ese ibyuma bifite uduce duto cyangwa imigozi minini?
Fibres → Irinde valve zo kugenzura umupira. Uduce duto (umucanga, slag yo gusudira) → neza, ariko shyiramo Y-strainer hejuru.
2. Gushyiraho ahantu hatambitse cyangwa hahagaze?
Igororotse → Ubwoko busanzwe bwo kureremba. Ihagaze ifite amazi azamuka → ukeneye icyitegererezo gifasha mu gusukura (bamwe bacyita valve ihagaze).
3. Ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko ni ibihe?
Amazi meza ari munsi ya 80°C (176°F) → icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu ibumba gifite umupira upfutse. Ubushyuhe bwinshi (hejuru ya 150°C / 302°F) → icyuma cyuzuye gifite umupira upfutse mu cyuma.
4. Gutwara igare kenshi?
Iyo valve ifunguye kandi igafunga inshuro nyinshi mu isaha, umupira n'intebe bizashira vuba. Ku bijyanye n'umuvuduko wo hejuru wo gusiganwa ku magare, tekereza kuri valve ikoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura bucece cyangwa valve ikoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura bucece.
5. Ingano ingana iki?
Uturindantoki two kugenzura umupira akenshi tuba dufite DN300 (santimetero 12). Iyo umupira munini kurusha iyo, uba uremereye cyane ku buryo utabasha kuwufunga neza.
Gushyiraho no kubungabunga - Ntugakore aya makosa
Inama ku bijyanye no gushyiraho
- Kurikira akambi k'umuvuduko– Ishyirwa mu mubiri. Ishyire inyuma kandi nta kintu na kimwe cyo kugenzura ufite.
- Umurongo utambitse? Igipfukisho kirazamuka– Umupira ukeneye imbaraga zirenze urugero kugira ngo ugaruke ku ntebe. Iyo ushyize igipfundikizo hasi, umupira uzagwa uvuye ku ntebe hanyuma utose.
- Ntukayihambire ku muyoboro w'ipompo– Siga umuyoboro ugororotse (nibura umurambararo wa 5 w'imiyoboro) hagati ya pompe na vali. Guhindagurika kw'imiyoboro kuri pompe bishobora gutuma umupira utera kandi ugashira vuba.
- Imiyoboro ifite insinga– Mu gihe ukoresha kaseti ya PTFE, ntureke uduce duto tw’ikaseti twinjiremo. Utwo duce duto dushobora gufunga umupira.
Gutunganya ibikorwa bisanzwe
Amavali yo kugenzura umupira ntaho akorera. Ariko wirinde ibimenyetso byerekana ko hari ikibazo:
- Urusaku rudashira rwo "gusuhuza" nyuma y'uko pompe ihagaze
- Igipimo cy'umuvuduko kigabanuka buhoro buhoro
- Ijwi ry'icyuma ricuranga rimeze nk'umuvuduko
Uburyo bwo kugenzura no gusukura:
1. Kura umuvuduko w'amazi hanyuma usukemo amazi mu mugozi.
2. Kuraho imigozi yo gupfuka. Kuramo umupira n'agapfundikizo k'intebe.
3. Reba neza niba hari aho umupira uri, hari imikufi, cyangwa hari aho wangiritse.
4. Suzuma ubuso bwo gufunga intebe kugira ngo urebe ko hari imiyoboro.
5. Sukura byose. Umwanya muto wo kwicaraho ushobora gusimbuza. Ku mwanya munini, simbura intebe n'umupira.
6. Inyandiko ku mavali ahendutse: menshi akoresha imipira y'icyuma kitagira umugozi. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, ishobora kwangirika imbere noGusenyuka. Koresha imipira ikomeye cyangwa imipira yuzuyemo irangi igihe bishoboka.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa)
Q: Ese valve yo kugenzura umupira ishobora gushyirwaho ihagaze?
A: Ubwoko busanzwe bwo kureremba bugenewe imirongo itambitse gusa. Ku mirongo ihagaze ifite amazi azamuka, ugomba gukoresha valve ipima umupira ihagaze ifashishwa na spring. Bitabaye ibyo, umupira uzagwa ku ntebe ntukigere ufungura.
Q: Ese bibuza amazi gushonga?
A: Oya. Valve yo kugenzura umupira ifunga vuba cyane, bishobora gutuma habaho inyundo nto y'amazi. Niba ufite umuyoboro muremure ufite umuvuduko mwinshi w'amazi, tekereza ku ivaluve yo kugenzura ifunga buhoro cyangwa ushyireho imashini ifata inyundo y'amazi.
Q: Umupira upfutse rubber ugereranije n'umupira w'icyuma kidashonga - ni uwuhe mwiza kurusha iyindi?
A: Biterwa n'amazi. Amazi meza cyangwa imyanda → umupira upfutse karuboni utanga uburyo bwo gufunga neza kandi uhendutse. Ubushyuhe bwinshi, amavuta, cyangwa imiti → icyuma cyuzuye cya stainless. Ntukigere ukoresha umupira upfutse karuboni hamwe n'ibintu bishongesha cyangwa umwuka ushyushye.
Q: Kuki valve yanjye yo gusuzuma umupira iva nyuma y'amezi atandatu gusa?
A: Birashoboka cyane ko isuri ituruka ku duce duto dukomeye mu gice cy’amazi – umucanga, ingese, cyangwa igipimo. Umupira n’intebe birashaje. Igisubizo: shyiramo akamashini ko gusukura hejuru y’amazi, cyangwa uhindure igikoresho cyo kwicara gikonje (stellite cyangwa ceramic).
Q: Ni ikihe gitutu gito cyane gishobora gucikamo?
A: Kuri valve igenzura umupira igenda yigenga, ubusanzwe iba ifite 0.005 – 0.03 MPa (hafi 0.05 – 0.3 bar). Ni ukuvuga metero 0.5 kugeza kuri 3 z'amazi. Ku bijyanye n'imigendekere y'amazi, biroroshye kugeraho.
Valve yo kugenzura umupira ntabwo ari ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Ariko ni yizewe, ihendutse, kandi yoroshye kuyikosora. Niyo mpamvu inzobere nyinshi ziyihitamo mu bijyanye n'amazi meza, imyanda, na serivisi zoroheje za shimi. Shaka ibintu bitatu neza - ubwoko bw'ibinyamakuru (nta fibres), icyerekezo cyo kuyishyiraho, n'uburyo ibikoresho bihuye nabyo - kandi valve yo kugenzura umupira izamara imyaka itanu kugeza ku icumi byoroshye.
——————
Niba ufite uburyo bwihariye bwo gukoresha (ingano, amazi, ubushyuhe, umuvuduko) kandi ukaba utazi neza niba valve yo gusuzuma umupira ari yo ikwiye, sobanura imiterere y'imiyoboro yawe.kuvuganaIshami ryacu rya Tekiniki n'Ubucuruzi.
Ibikoresho bya Newsway Valve Ibikoresho by'Uruganda
ItsindaUruganda rw'Abasharafu bo mu BushinwakuvaUbushinwa, umubiri wayo wa valves n'ibikoresho byo kuyitunganya bishobora kuboneka muriIhimbanoubwoko naGuteraubwoko. Iruhande rwaIcyuma kitagira umwandanaIcyuma cya karuboniibikoresho, natwevali zo gukoramu bikoresho byihariye nka titaniyumu, aloyi za nikeli, HASTELLOY®*, INCOLOY®, MONEL®, Alloy 20, super-duplex, aloyi zirwanya ingese n'ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa urea.
Ibikoresho bya Valve biboneka
| Izina ry'ubucuruzi | Nomero ya UNS | Nomero ya Werkstoff. | Gucura | Gutera |
| Icyuma cya karuboni | K30504 | 1.0402 | A105 | A216 WCB |
| Icyuma cya karuboni | 1.046 | A105N | ||
| Icyuma cya karuboni gishyuha cyane | K03011 | 1.0508 | A350 LF2 | A352 LCB |
| Ibyuma bitanga umusaruro mwinshi | K03014 | A694 F60 | ||
| Icyuma cya nikeli 3 1/2 | K32025 | 1.5639 | A350 LF3 | A352 LC3 |
| Chrome 5, 1/2 Moly | K41545 | 1.7362 | A182 F5 | A217 C5 |
| 1 1/4 Chrome, 1/2 Moly | K11572 | 1.7733 | A182 F11 | A217 WC6 |
| K11597 | 1.7335 | |||
| Chrome 2 1/4, 1/2 Moly | K21590 | 1.738 | A182 F22 | A217 WC9 |
| 9 Chrome, 1 Moly | K90941 | 1.7386 | A182 F9 | A217 CW6 |
| Chrome X 12, 091 Moly | K91560 | 1.4903 | A182 F91 | A217 C12 |
| 13 Chrome | S41000 | A182 F6A | A351 CA15 | |
| 17-4PH | S17400 | 1.4542 | A564 630 | |
| 254 SMo | S31254 | 1.4547 | A182 F44 | A351 CK3MCuN |
| 304 | S30400 | 1.4301 | A182 F304 | A351 CF8 |
| 304L | S30403 | 1.4306 | A182 F304L | A351 CF3 |
| 310S | S31008 | 1.4845 | A182 F310S | A351 CK20 |
| 316 | S31600 | 1.4401 | A182 F316 | A351 CF8M |
| S31600 | 1.4436 | |||
| 316L | S31603 | 1.4404 | A182 F316L | A351 CF3M |
| 316Ti | S31635 | 1.4571 | A182 F316Ti | |
| 317L | S31703 | 1.4438 | A182 F317L | A351CG8M |
| 321 | S32100 | 1.4541 | A182 F321 | |
| 321H | S32109 | 1.4878 | A182 F321H | |
| 347 | S34700 | 1.455 | A182 F347 | A351 CF8C |
| 347H | S34709 | 1.4961 | A182 F347H | |
| 410 | S41000 | 1.4006 | A182 F410 | |
| 904L | N08904 | 1.4539 | A182 F904L | |
| Umubaji 20 | N08020 | 2.466 | B462 N08020 | A351 CN7M |
| Duplex 4462 | S31803 | 1.4462 | A182 F51 | A890 Gr 4A |
| SAF 2507 | S32750 | 1.4469 | A182 F53 | A890 Gr 6A |
| Zeron 100 | S32760 | 1.4501 | A182 F55 | A351 GR CD3MWCuN |
| Ferralium® 255 | S32550 | 1.4507 | A182 F61 | |
| Nicrofer 5923 hMo | N06059 | 2.4605 | B462 N06059 | |
| Nickel 200 | N02200 | 2.4066 | B564 N02200 | |
| Nickel 201 | N02201 | 2.4068 | B564 N02201 | |
| Monel® 400 | N04400 | 2.436 | B564 N04400 | A494 M35-1 |
| Monel® K500 | N05500 | 2.4375 | B865 N05500 | |
| Incoloy® 800 | N08800 | 1.4876 | B564 N08800 | |
| Incoloy® 800H | N08810 | 1.4958 | B564 N08810 | |
| Incoloy® 800HT | N08811 | 1.4959 | B564 N08811 | |
| Incoloy® 825 | N08825 | 2.4858 | B564 N08825 | |
| Inconel® 600 | N06600 | 2.4816 | B564 N06600 | A494 CY40 |
| Inconel® 625 | N06625 | 2.4856 | B564 N06625 | A494 CW 6MC |
| Hastelloy® B2 | N10665 | 2.4617 | B564 N10665 | A494 N 12MV |
| Hastelloy® B3 | N10675 | 2.46 | B564 N10675 | |
| Hastelloy® C22 | N06022 | 2.4602 | B574 N06022 | A494 CX2MW |
| Hastelloy® C276 | N10276 | 2.4819 | B564 N10276 | |
| Hastelloy® C4 | N06455 | 2.461 | B574 N06455 | |
| Titanium GR. 1 | R50250 | 3.7025 | B381 F1 | B367 C1 |
| Titanium GR. 2 | R50400 | 3.7035 | B381 F2 | B367 C2 |
| Titanium GR. 3 | R50550 | 3.7055 | B381 F3 | B367 C3 |
| Titanium GR. 5 | R56400 | 3.7165 | B381 F5 | B367 C5 |
| Titanium GR. 7 | R52400 | 3.7235 | B381 F7 | B367 C7 |
| Titanium GR. 12 | R53400 | 3.7225 | B381 F12 | B367 C12 |
| Zirconium® 702 | R60702 | B493 R60702 | ||
| Zirconium® 705 | R60705 | B493 R60705 |
















