Ijambo ry'ibanze:Valve y'umupira yasohotse mu myaka ya 1950. Bitewe n'iterambere ryihuse rya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga, iterambere rihoraho ry'ikoranabuhanga mu gukora no gutunganya ibicuruzwa, yahindutse ubwoko bw'valve ikomeye mu myaka 50 gusa. Mu bihugu byateye imbere mu burengerazuba bw'isi, ikoreshwa ry'valve z'umupira ririyongera uko umwaka utashye.
Valve y'umupira ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukata, gukwirakwiza no guhindura icyerekezo cy'inzira y'amashanyarazi mu muyoboro. Igomba kuzunguruka dogere 90 gusa kandi torque nto ishobora gufungwa neza. Valve y'umupira ikwiriye cyane gukoreshwa nk'ingufu zo gusimbuza n'ingufu zo kuzimya.
Kubera ko umupira usanzwe ukoresha umupira wa rubber, nylon na polytetrafluoroethylene nk'ibikoresho by'icyuma gifunga intebe, ubushyuhe bwawo bugengwa n'ibikoresho by'icyuma gifunga intebe. Imirimo yo gukata umupira w'umupira ikorwa no gukanda umupira w'icyuma ku ntebe ya pulasitiki munsi y'igikorwa cy'icyuma gikoreshwa n'icyuma gifunga umupira. Mu gihe cy'igitutu runaka gikoranaho, impeta yo gufunga intebe ya valvu ihinduka ihinduka rya plastike mu duce duto. Uku guhindagurika gushobora kwishyura ubwiza bw'imikorere y'umupira n'ubukana bw'ubuso bwawo, no kwemeza imikorere y'icyuma gifunga umupira.
Kandi kubera ko impeta yo gufunga intebe ya valve y'umupira isanzwe ikozwe muri pulasitiki, mu gihe cyo guhitamo imiterere n'imikorere ya valve y'umupira, uburyo bwo kurwanya umuriro no kurwanya umuriro bya valve y'umupira bigomba kwitabwaho, cyane cyane mu mashami ya peteroli, imiti, ibyuma n'ibindi, mu byuma bitwika n'ibiturika. Niba valve z'umupira zikoreshwa mu bikoresho no mu miyoboro y'amazi, hakwiye kwitabwaho cyane uburyo bwo kwirinda umuriro no kurinda inkongi.
Ibiranga valve y'umupira
1. Ifite ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amazi make cyane (mu by’ukuri ni zeru). 2. Ntizahagarara iyo ikora nta mavuta, bityo ishobora gushyirwa mu buryo bwizewe ku bikoresho byangiza n’ibinyobwa bike bishyuha. 3. Ishobora gufunga 100% mu gitutu kinini n’ubushyuhe. 4. Ishobora gufungura no gufunga vuba cyane, kandi igihe cyo gufungura no gufunga cy’inyubako zimwe na zimwe ni 0.05 ~ 0.1s gusa, kugira ngo ikoreshwe muri sisitemu yo kwihutisha y’intebe y’igerageza. Iyo valve ifunguwe kandi igafungwa vuba, nta guhungabana kurimo gukora. 5. Gufunga kw’uruziga bishobora gushyirwa mu mwanya wayo mu buryo bwikora. 6. Uburyo bwo gukora bufunze neza ku mpande zombi. 7. Iyo ifunguye neza kandi igafungwa neza, ubuso bwo gufunga bw’umupira n’intebe y’abavali butandukanijwe n’ubw’abavali, bityo uburyo bunyura muri valve ku muvuduko mwinshi ntibuzatera kwangirika k’ubuso bwo gufunga. 8. Hamwe n’imiterere mito n’uburemere bworoheje, ishobora gufatwa nk’imiterere y’abavali ikwiriye sisitemu yo hagati y’ubushyuhe buke. 9. Igice cy'umugozi gihuza ibintu, cyane cyane iyo imiterere y'umugozi ihambiriye, ishobora kwihanganira imbaraga zituruka ku muyoboro. 10. Igice cyo gufunga gishobora kwihanganira itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko mwinshi iyo gihambiriye. 11. Umugozi w'umupira ufite igice cy'umugozi gihambiriye neza ushobora gushyingurwa mu butaka, kugira ngo imbere mu mugozi udashonga, kandi igihe ntarengwa cyo gukora gishobora kugera ku myaka 30. Ni wo mugozi mwiza cyane ku miyoboro ya peteroli na gaze karemano.
Gukoresha valve y'umupira
Imiterere myinshi yihariye y’udupira tw’umupira igaragaza ko ikoreshwa rya twa tupira tw’umupira ari rinini. Ubusanzwe, mu guhindura imyanya ibiri, gukora neza mu gufunga, ibyondo, kwangirika, imiyoboro igabanuka, gufungura no gufunga vuba (gufungura no gufunga igice cya kane cy’umuvuduko), gukata umuvuduko mwinshi (udupira tw’umupira turasabwa ku miyoboro ifite itandukaniro rinini ry’umuvuduko), urusaku ruto, gufunga no gushyira umwuka mu kirere, gusohora amazi make mu kirere, imbaraga nke zo gukora, no kudakoresha amazi menshi.
Valve y'umupira ikwiriye kandi sisitemu y'imiyoboro y'urumuri, gukata umuvuduko muke (itandukaniro rito ry'umuvuduko) n'uburyo bwo kwangiza. Valve z'umupira zishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gushyiraho imiyoboro ikoresha umwuka ushyushye (cryogenic). Mu miyoboro ya ogisijeni mu nganda zikora ibyuma, valve z'umupira zakorewe isuku ikomeye zirakenewe. Iyo umurongo mukuru mu muyoboro wa peteroli n'umuyoboro wa gazi bikenewe gutwikirwa munsi y'ubutaka, valve y'umupira yuzuye ikoreshwa mu gusukura igomba gukoreshwa. Iyo bikenewe ko habaho imikorere yo guhindura, valve y'umupira ifite imiterere yihariye ifite umwobo umeze nka V igomba gutoranywa. Mu mazutu, peteroli, chemical, amashanyarazi, n'ubwubatsi bw'umujyi, valve z'umupira zifunga ibyuma zishobora gutoranywa ku miyoboro ifite ubushyuhe burenze dogere 200.
Ihame ry'ikoreshwa rya valve y'umupira
Imiyoboro minini yo kohereza peteroli na gaze karemano, imiyoboro igomba gusukurwa, no gutwikirwa munsi y'ubutaka, hitamo valve y'umupira ifite inzira zose n'imiterere yazo; itwikiriwe mu butaka, hitamo valve y'umupira ifite inzira zose cyangwa ihuriro ry'urushundura; umuyoboro w'ishami, hitamo ihuriro ry'urushundura, ihuriro ry'urushundura, valve yuzuye cyangwa yagabanijwe. Imiyoboro n'ibikoresho byo kubika amavuta meza bikoresha valve z'umupira zivanze. Ku muyoboro wa gaze na gaze karemano byo mu mujyi, valve y'umupira igenda ihindagurika ifite ihuriro ry'urushundura n'ihuriro ry'imigozi y'imbere iratoranywa. Mu muyoboro wa ogisijeni muri sisitemu y'ibyuma, ni byiza gukoresha valve y'umupira idahinduka yavuwe cyane kandi ivanze. Mu muyoboro n'igikoresho cy'ubushyuhe buke, valve y'umupira ifite ubushyuhe buke ifite igifuniko cya valve. Ku muyoboro w'icyuma gicagagura amavuta mu gice cyo gutunganya amavuta, valve y'umupira yo mu bwoko bwa "lift rot" irashobora gutoranywa. Mu bikoresho na sisitemu z'imiyoboro y'ibikoresho byangiza nk'aside na alkali mu buryo bwa chimique, hagomba gutoranywa valve zose z'icyuma cya stainless zikozwe mu cyuma cya austenitic stainless na PTFE nk'impeta yo gufunga intebe y'agati. Valve z'icyuma zifunga ibyuma zishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bwa kiyovu cyangwa ibikoresho bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi mu buryo bwa metallurgical, sisitemu z'amashanyarazi, inganda za peteroli, n'uburyo bwo gushyushya mu mijyi. Iyo hakenewe guhindurwa imiterere y'amazi, valve y'umupira ikoresha inzoka, ikoresha umwuka cyangwa amashanyarazi ifite umwobo wa V irashobora gutoranywa.
Incamake:Ikoreshwa rya valves z'umupira ni rinini cyane, ubwoko n'ingano y'ikoreshwa biracyari kwiyongera, kandi birimo gutera imbere mu cyerekezo cy'umuvuduko mwinshi, ubushyuhe bwinshi, uburebure bunini, ubushobozi bwo kuziba cyane, igihe kirekire, ubushobozi bwo guhindura neza no gukora byinshi bya valve imwe. Kwizerwa kwayo n'ibindi. Ibipimo by'imikorere byageze ku rwego rwo hejuru, kandi byasimbuye igice cy'ama valves y'amarembo, valves z'isi, na valves zigenzura. Bitewe n'iterambere rya tekiniki rya valves z'umupira, zizakoreshwa cyane mu gihe gito, cyane cyane mu miyoboro ya peteroli na gaze, crackers mu gutunganya peteroli no mu nganda za kirimbuzi. Byongeye kandi, valves z'umupira zizaba zimwe mu bwoko bwa valves ziganje mu nzego z'umuvuduko munini n'uw'ubunini, umuvuduko uringaniye n'uw'ubuke mu zindi nganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mata-01-2022