Ijambo ry'ibanze:Umupira wumupira wasohotse muri 1950.Hamwe niterambere ryihuse rya siyanse nubuhanga, gukomeza kunoza ikoranabuhanga ryumusaruro nuburyo bwibicuruzwa, byateye imbere muburyo bwa valve nini mumyaka 50 gusa.Mu bihugu by’iburengerazuba byateye imbere, ikoreshwa ryumupira wamaguru ryiyongera uko umwaka utashye.

Umupira wumupira ukoreshwa cyane cyane mugukata, gukwirakwiza no guhindura icyerekezo cyogutwara imiyoboro.Birakenewe gusa kuzunguruka dogere 90 kandi urumuri ruto rushobora gufungwa cyane.Umupira wumupira urakenewe cyane gukoreshwa nka switch na funga ya valve.

Kubera ko umupira wumupira usanzwe ukoresha reberi, nylon na polytetrafluoroethylene nkibikoresho bya kashe yintebe, ubushyuhe bwimikorere yabyo bugarukira kubintu bya kashe yintebe.Imikorere yo guca umupira wumupira irangizwa no gukanda umupira wicyuma hejuru yintebe ya plastike munsi yikintu giciriritse (umupira wamaguru ureremba).Mubikorwa byumuvuduko runaka woguhuza, impeta yintebe yo gufunga impeta ihinduka elastike-plastike mubice byaho.Ihindagurika rishobora kwishura neza imikorere yumupira hamwe nubuso bwumupira, kandi ikemeza imikorere yikimenyetso cyumupira.

Kandi kubera ko intebe ya valve ifunga impeta yumupira mubisanzwe iba ikozwe muri plastiki, mugihe uhisemo imiterere nimikorere yumupira wumupira, hagomba gutekerezwa cyane cyane kurwanya peteroli, imiti, metallurgiki nandi mashami, mubitangazamakuru byaka kandi biturika.Niba imipira yumupira ikoreshwa mubikoresho hamwe na sisitemu y'imiyoboro, hakwiye kwitabwaho cyane kurwanya umuriro no kurinda umuriro.

Ibiranga umupira

1. Ifite imbaraga zo hasi cyane (mubyukuri zeru).2. Ntabwo izizirika mugihe ikora idafite amavuta, bityo irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwitangazamakuru ryangirika hamwe n'amazi make atetse.3. Irashobora gushika 100% mukidodo kinini hamwe nubushuhe.4. Irashobora kumenya ultra-yihuta gufungura no gufunga, kandi igihe cyo gufungura no gufunga ibintu bimwe na bimwe ni 0.05 ~ 0.1s gusa, kugirango tumenye neza ko gishobora gukoreshwa muri sisitemu yo gutangiza intebe yikizamini.Iyo valve ifunguye kandi igafungwa vuba, nta guhungabana gukora.5. Gufunga umuzingi birashobora guhita bihagarara mumwanya.6. Igikoresho gikora gifunzwe neza kumpande zombi.7. Iyo ifunguye neza kandi ifunze byuzuye, hejuru yikimenyetso cyumupira hamwe nintebe ya valve bitandukanijwe hagati, bityo rero inzira inyura muri valve kumuvuduko mwinshi ntizatera isuri hejuru yikimenyetso.8. Hamwe nimiterere yoroheje hamwe nuburemere bworoshye, birashobora gufatwa nkuburyo bwiza bwa valve bukwiranye na sisitemu yo hagati yubushyuhe buke.9. Umubiri wa valve urasa, cyane cyane iyo imiterere yumubiri wa valve isuditswe, ishobora kwihanganira imihangayiko ituruka kumuyoboro.10. Igice cyo gufunga kirashobora kwihanganira itandukaniro ryumuvuduko mwinshi mugihe cyo gufunga.11. Umupira wumupira ufite umubiri wuzuye wuzuye washobora gushyingurwa mubutaka, kugirango imbere ya valve itangirika, kandi ubuzima bwa serivisi bushobora kugera kumyaka 30.Nibikoresho byiza cyane kuri peteroli na gaze gasanzwe.

Gukoresha umupira

Ibintu byinshi bidasanzwe biranga imipira yerekana ko gukoresha imipira ari nini cyane.Mubisanzwe, muburyo bubiri bwo guhinduranya, gukora neza, gufunga, kwambara, kugabanya imiyoboro, gufungura no gufunga byihuse (1/4 gufungura no gufunga), guhagarika umuvuduko mwinshi (imipira yumupira irasabwa kuri sisitemu yimiyoboro ifite umuvuduko mwinshi itandukaniro), urusaku ruke, cavitation na gasifike, umubare muto wo gutembera mukirere, urumuri ruto rukora, hamwe no kurwanya amazi mato.

Umuyoboro wumupira urakenewe kandi muburyo bwa sisitemu yuburyo bwimiterere yumucyo, kugabanya umuvuduko muke (itandukaniro rito) hamwe nuburyo bubora.Imipira yumupira irashobora kandi gukoreshwa muburyo bwa cryogenic (cryogenic) hamwe na sisitemu yo kuvoma.Muri sisitemu ya ogisijeni mu nganda zikora ibyuma, birasabwa ko habaho imipira y’umupira wangiritse cyane.Mugihe umurongo wingenzi mumuyoboro wa peteroli hamwe numuyoboro wa gazi bigomba gushyingurwa mubutaka, hagomba gukoreshwa valve yumupira wuzuye wuzuye.Mugihe imikorere yoguhindura isabwa, umupira wumupira ufite imiterere yihariye ifungura V-shusho igomba guhitamo.Muri peteroli, peteroli, imiti, ingufu z'amashanyarazi, hamwe no kubaka imijyi, ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata amashanyarazi hamwe nubushyuhe bwo gukora hejuru ya dogere 200.

Ihame ryo gushyira mu bikorwa umupira

Amavuta na gazi yohereza imiyoboro nyamukuru, imiyoboro igomba gusukurwa, no gushyingurwa mu nsi, hitamo umupira wumupira ufite inzira zose hamwe na weld yose;yashyinguwe mu butaka, hitamo umupira wumupira hamwe na pass-weld yose ihuza cyangwa flange ihuza;umuyoboro wamashami, hitamo flange ihuza, gusudira guhuza, byuzuye binyuze cyangwa kugabanya umupira wa diameter.Imiyoboro n'ibikoresho byo kubika amavuta meza bikoreshwa mumashanyarazi.Ku muyoboro wa gazi yo mumujyi na gaze karemano, umupira ureremba hamwe na flange ihuza hamwe nu murongo wimbere.Muri sisitemu ya ogisijeni muri sisitemu ya metallurgjique, birasabwa gukoresha umupira wumupira uhoraho wakorewe nabi cyane kandi ugahinduka.Muri sisitemu ya sisitemu nigikoresho cyubushyuhe bwo hagati, ubushyuhe buke bwumupira wa valve hamwe nigifuniko cya valve bigomba guhitamo.Kuri sisitemu ya sisitemu ya catalitike yamenetse yikintu gitunganya amavuta, umupira wo guterura ubwoko bwumupira wumupira urashobora gutoranywa.Mubikoresho na sisitemu ya sisitemu yibitangazamakuru byangirika nka acide na alkali muri sisitemu ya chimique, ibyuma byose byumupira wumuringa bikozwe mubyuma bya austenitike bidafite ibyuma na PTFE nkimpeta yo gufunga intebe ya valve.Ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma birashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwa miyoboro cyangwa ibikoresho byubushyuhe bwo hejuru muri sisitemu ya metallurgie, sisitemu yingufu, inganda za peteroli, hamwe na sisitemu yo gushyushya imijyi.Mugihe bisabwa kugirango hahindurwe ibintu, ibikoresho byinyo bitwarwa, pneumatike cyangwa amashanyarazi agenga imipira hamwe na V-ifungura irashobora gutoranywa.

Incamake:Imikoreshereze yimipira yumupira ni nini cyane, ubwoko nubwinshi bwimikoreshereze iracyaguka, kandi biratera imbere mubyerekezo byumuvuduko mwinshi, ubushyuhe bwinshi, diameter nini, imikorere yikimenyetso kinini, ubuzima burebure, imikorere myiza yo guhindura hamwe nibikorwa byinshi ya valve imwe.Kwizerwa kwayo nibindi Ibipimo ngenderwaho bigeze kurwego rwo hejuru, kandi byasimbuye igice igice cyamarembo, ububiko bwisi, hamwe no kugenzura ububiko.Hamwe niterambere rya tekiniki yimipira yumupira, izakoreshwa cyane mugihe gito giteganijwe, cyane cyane mumiyoboro ya peteroli na gaze, igikoma mugutunganya peteroli no mubikorwa bya kirimbuzi.Mubyongeyeho, imipira yumupira nayo izahinduka imwe mubwoko bwa valve yiganje mumirima ya kaliberi nini nini yo hagati, imbaraga ziciriritse nizindi nganda.