Valve y'irembo ry'icyuma ni iki?

Mu buryo bwo kugenzura amazi mu nganda, valve ni ibice by'ingenzi bicunga urujya n'uruza rw'amazi kandi bigatuma imiyoboro ihora ihagaze neza. Nk'ubwoko bw'ingenzi bwa valves zihariye zo mu marembo, valvesValve y'irembo ry'icyumaYagenewe by'umwihariko ibikoresho bigoye nko gusya, ibintu bikomeye, n'ibinyabutabire bya fibre. Ikoreshwa cyane mu kurengera ibidukikije, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, imiti, ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi, n'izindi nganda. Abanyamwuga benshi bakunze kwitiranya imigozi y'ingofero n'imigozi isanzwe y'ingofero, ariko itandukanye cyane mu miterere, imikorere, n'ikoreshwa. Iyi nkuru itanga incamake yuzuye y'icyo imigozi y'ingofero ari cyo, ibice byayo by'ingenzi, ibyiciro byayo, ibyiza n'ibibi, imiterere ikwiye y'akazi, n'itandukaniro rigaragara hagati y'imigozi isanzwe y'ingofero - bigufasha gufata ibyemezo bisobanutse ku mishinga yawe.

1. Valve y'irembo ry'icyuma ni iki?

Valve y'irembo ry'icyuma—izwi kandi nka velo y'icyuma, velo y'icyuma, cyangwa velo y'irembo ry'umucanga—ni velo y'irembo ifunga mu cyerekezo kimwe, ikora mu buryo bw'intoki, mu buryo bw'umwuka, cyangwa mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi. Ni ubwoko bwihariye bw'amavali y'irembo. Ihame ryayo ryo gukora ni ryoroshye: irembo rifite ishusho nk'iry'icyuma rigenda rihagaze, rigororotse ku cyerekezo cy'amazi. Inkombe isongoye iri hepfo y'irembo ikata imigozi, uduce tw'amazi, uduce duto, n'ibice bito biri imbere mu muyoboro, bigatuma ifunguka neza cyangwa ifunze neza.

Ugereranyije na valve zisanzwe, ikintu kidasanzwe ku idirishya ry’icyuma ni imiterere yaryo y’irembo ryoroheje cyane, risa n’icyuma. Igice cy’icyuma gifite inzira igororotse kandi idafite imbogamizi. Iyo gifunguye neza, irembo riva burundu mu nzira y’amazi, bigatuma amazi adashobora gutemba neza. Iyi miterere ikemura ibibazo bikunze kugaragara mu mashini zisanzwe iyo zikoze ku bikoresho byanduye kandi byuzuyemo uduce duto—nk’ibiziba, gufunga nabi no gufata. Mu bihe bikomeye, mashini y’icyuma ni yo nzira ikoreshwa mu kuzimya ibyuma.

2. Ibice by'ingenzi n'imikorere

Valve y'irembo ry'icyuma ifite imiterere mito kandi ifatanye cyane. Buri gice kigira uruhare rugaragara mu gutuma imikorere yacyo ikomeza, ihamye, kandi ikaba imara igihe kirekire.

2.1 Umubiri w'ikirahure

Inyubako nyamukuru itwara imizigo, akenshi ikozwe mu bikoresho nk'icyuma gishongeshejwe, icyuma cya karuboni, cyangwa icyuma kitagira umugese. Umuyoboro w'amazi unyura imbere nta cyuho cyangwa ahantu hapfuye, bibuza imyanda kwirema no gufata. Umubiri uhangana n'igitutu cy'imiyoboro, ugahuza n'imiyoboro, kandi ugashyigikira irembo n'ibifunga.

2.2 Irembo ry'Umupanga

Iki ni cyo gice kidasanzwe cya valve y'irembo ry'icyuma—ikintu gitandukanya na valve zose zisanzwe z'irembo. Irembo ni rito ariko rikomeye, rifite impande zityaye. Ubuso bwaryo buraseswa kandi bugakomera kugira ngo budasaza cyangwa ngo bukomere. Mu gihe cyo gufungura no gufunga, icyuma gica mu bimera, umwanda, ibisigazwa, imigozi, n'indi myanda, bikarinda gupfunyika cyangwa kwirundanya, bigatuma rifunga neza kandi rigakora neza.

2.3 Ibice byo Gufunga

Harimo imitako y'intebe n'imitako yo gupakira, bigabanyijemo ubwoko bw'imitako yoroshye n'imitako y'icyuma. Imitako yoroshye ikoresha rabha cyangwa polyurethane kugira ngo ikomere neza kandi itagira amazi, ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu buryo bworoshye, bwo gusukura umuvuduko muto cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi. Imitako y'icyuma ikoresha icyuma kitagira umugese cyangwa aloyine kugira ngo irinde ubushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, no kwangirika cyane. Imitako yo gupakira ikikije igiti irinda amazi kuva hanze.

2.4 Igiti

Yakozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu buryo bukomeye kandi gifite imbaraga zo gukurura, kidatwarwa n'ingufu, kandi gifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya gucika kw'ingufu. Igice cyo hejuru gihuza n'icyuma gikoresha ingufu, naho igice cyo hasi gifata ku irembo. Yohereza imbaraga zo gutwara intoki, umwuka, cyangwa amashanyarazi ku irembo kugira ngo igenzurwe neza.

2.5 Actuator

Isoko y'amashanyarazi. Ubwoko busanzwe: ikoreshwa n'intoki (yoroshye, ihendutse, ku bugari buto kandi idakora kenshi), ikoreshwa n'umwuka (ifungura/ifunga vuba, idaturika, ikwiriye ahantu hafite imiti n'ivumbi), amashanyarazi (ikoreshwa mu buryo bwikora ku miyoboro minini no gukoreshwa kenshi), na hydraulic (ingufu nyinshi ku bugari bunini no mu gihe cy'akazi gakomeye).

2.6 Indwara n'Uruti

Agahu gakandagira agapfunyika ko gupakira kugira ngo katavamo amazi. Agapfunyika gafata neza igikoresho gikoresha ingufu n'igiti, bigatuma bigenda neza nta guhindukira cyangwa gufatana, bityo bigatuma imikorere ihora ihagaze neza.

3. Ibyiciro birambuye bya Valves z'Irembo ry'Umugozi

Vali zo mu rugi rw'icyuma ziza mu bwoko bwinshi, ahanini zigashyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe imiterere yo kuzifunga, uburyo bwo kuzikoresha, n'uburyo bwo kuzikora.

3.1 Ukurikije ubwoko bw'ipfundikizo

Valve yo Kurinda Imbunda Ifunze Bworoheje: Ikoresha rubber, polyurethane, cyangwa PTFE kugira ngo ihuze neza kandi nta gusohoka kw'amazi. Igipimo cy'umuvuduko ≤PN16, ubushyuhe buringaniye. Ni byiza cyane ku bushyuhe buke, kandi nta muvuduko mwinshi nk'imyanda, imyanda, n'ibisigazwa byoroheje birimo ibintu bikomeye. Birahendutse kandi bikoreshwa cyane.

Valve y'irembo ry'icyuma ifite icyuma: Irembo n'intebe ni ibyuma bya aluminiyumu bifite imigozi ihamye. Bihangana n'ubushyuhe bwinshi (kugeza kuri 400°C+), umuvuduko mwinshi, no kwangirika gukomeye. Gufunga ntibikomeye cyane ugereranyije n'udupfundikizo tworoshye. Ni byiza cyane ku dupfundikizo dushyushye, ifu y'amakara, n'amazi y'ivu ashyushye cyane mu bihe bikomeye.

Valve y'irembo ry'icyuma gikozwe muri polyurethane:Umuyoboro w'amazi wa valve y'irembo ry'icyuma urimo ibikoresho bya polyurethane, biramba kurusha valve zisanzwe z'irembo ry'icyuma kandi birakwiriye cyane ku bikoresho nk'ibitaka n'ibirungo.

3.2 Hakurikijwe Ubwoko bw'Ibikorwa

Inyuguti ya Manual,umwuka, verisiyo zikoresha amashanyarazi, hydraulic, ndetse rimwe na rimwe zikoresha ibikoresho, bitewe n'inshuro zikoreshwa, ingano ya valve, n'ibikenewe mu buryo bwikora.

3.3 Ukurikije uburyo bwo kubaka

Valve yo kwinjiriraho imbugita yo mu bwoko bwa Wafer: Ifite agace gato, yoroheje, yoroshye kuyishyiraho. Ifatanye hagati y'udupira, izigama umwanya. Ikwiriye imiyoboro mito kugeza ku iringaniye.

Valve yo ku irembo ry'icyuma yo mu bwoko bwa Lug-Type (Flanged): Impera zifatanye zihambiriye ku muyoboro. Imiterere ikomeye, ifite ubushobozi bwo gushyuha cyane, irwanya guhindagurika. Ikwiriye imiyoboro minini, umuvuduko mwinshi, n'inganda zikomeye.

Igiti kizamuka ugereranyije n'igiti kidazamuka: Uruti ruzamuka rutuma habaho icyerekezo cy'aho ruherereye kandi rukarinda imyanda kwirundanya; uruti rudazamuka ni ruto cyane ku myanya ikomeye yo gushyiraho.

4. Ibyiza n'ibibi byabyo

4.1 Ibyiza by'ingenzi

Uburyo bworoshye bwo guhuza itangazamakuru no kurwanya kuziba kw'imizigo: Urushinge rwo gukata rufata byoroshye insinga, flocs, ibintu bikomeye, n'ibishishwa bitose—bikemura ibibazo byo gufunga no kudafunga neza kwa valve zisanzwe.

Ubudahangarwa bw'amazi buke, ingufu zikoreshwa mu buryo budakoresha ingufu nyinshi: Irembo rirafunguye neza, rigasubira inyuma burundu, rigasiga inzira igororotse ifite ubushobozi bwo kudahangana na gato kandi nta kugabanuka k'umuvuduko. Ni byiza cyane ku miyoboro itemba cyane.

Imiterere yoroshye, kubungabunga byoroshye: Yoroheje, ibice bike, irasenyuka vuba, irangirika buhoro, igabanya ikiguzi cyo kuyikoresha.

Imikorere yihuse, ikoreshwa mu buryo burambuye: Gufata umuvuduko mugufi, igisubizo cyihuse. Ikoresheje ibikoresho bitandukanye n'ibikoresho bitera imbaraga, ikwiranye n'imimerere isanzwe, ishyushye cyane, ifite umuvuduko muke, ifite umuvuduko uringaniye, itera imbaraga nke kandi itera ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Ihendutse ku giciro: Ku bunini bumwe n'igipimo cy'umuvuduko, ama-valve yo kwinjira mu cyuma ahendutse cyane ugereranyije n'ama-valve asanzwe yo kwinjira mu cyuma cyangwa umubumbe, bigatuma aba ingirakamaro ku nganda nini.

4.2 Ingaruka mbi

Nta tegeko rigenga urujya n'uruza rw'amazi: Imvange ikora neza cyangwa ifunze neza gusa. Ntishobora guhindura uburyo amazi anyuramo cyangwa umuvuduko wayo.

Gufunga imipaka mu byuma bisukuye bifite umuvuduko mwinshi: Ugereranyije na za valves zo mu bwoko bwa wedge gate zikozwe neza, uburyo bwo kuzifunga buri hasi muri serivisi zisukuye kandi zifite umuvuduko mwinshi. Ntibyemewe gukoresha amazi meza cyane kandi afite umuvuduko mwinshi.

Kwambara bitewe no gusiganwa ku magare kenshi: Icyuma gikata ibintu bikomeye kigenda gishira buhoro buhoro. Nyuma yo gukoreshwa cyane igihe kirekire, ibifunga cyangwa irembo bishobora gukenera gusimburwa cyangwa gusukurwa.

5. Porogaramu zisanzwe n'inganda

Ibyuma byo mu rugi rw'icyuma ni byiza cyane mu kuzimya ibintu bikomeye, bifite imigozi, binini, n'ibyanduye. Irinde kubikoresha mu gusukura amazi cyangwa kugenzura neza. Harimo:

5.1 Gutunganya amazi yanduye (Ayakunze kugaragara cyane)

Ni nziza cyane ku miyoboro y'amazi mabi yo mu mujyi, imyanda iva mu nganda, imyanda, n'imiyoboro y'amazi aturuka mu binyabuzima. Igabanya neza imyanda n'ibintu bikomeye, ikarinda kuziba. Ikoreshwa cyane mu miyoboro itwara imyanda, isohoka, n'imiyoboro itwara imyanda.

5.2 Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro

Ikoreshwa mu gusya amabuye y'agaciro, imirizo, ivu ry'icyuma, ifu y'amakara, n'udusimba tw'amakara. Ubwoko bw'ibyuma butwikiriwe n'icyuma bushobora kwihanganira kwangirika cyane n'ubwinshi bw'ibintu bikomeye, kandi bukwiriye gucukurwa mu buryo bukomeye.

5.3 Ibinyabutabire n'impapuro, imyenda

Ikora ku buryo bwihariye ku mpapuro zikozwe mu myenda n'ibishishwa by'imyenda. Urushinge ruca imigozi, rukemura ibibazo byo gupfunyika no gufunga neza kwa valve zisanzwe. Valve yihariye kuri izi nganda.

5.4 Ikoreshwa ry'ibinyabutabire n'ingufu

Imiti: ibinyabutabire bitoshye n'ibinyabutabire bito byangiza buhoro buhoro. Ingufu: amazi y'ivu, gutwara ifu y'amakara, n'imirongo y'ibinyabutabire bya FGD (flue gas desulfurization). Ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubudahangarwa bitanga umusaruro mwiza.

5.5 Ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi n'ibiribwa

Uduce duto twa sima, utwo duce duto twa lime, n'ibindi bikoresho by'ubwubatsi; ndetse n'utwo duce duto tw'ibiribwa n'ubwikorezi bw'uduce duto. Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho bifite isuku bwujuje ibisabwa mu nganda z'ibiribwa.

Ntibikwiriye: Amazi meza, gazi, peteroli, cyangwa ikindi kintu kidakoresha utubumbe duto gisaba kuzimwa neza; gukoresha neza umuvuduko mwinshi cyane cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane; umurongo uwo ari wo wose ukeneye uburyo buhoraho bwo gutembera cyangwa kugenzura umuvuduko.

6. Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi riri hagati ya Valve y'Irembo ry'Umugozi n'Ivave Isanzwe y'Irembo ry'Umugozi

Nubwo byombi biri mu muryango w’ama-valve y’irembo kandi bikoresha igishushanyo mbonera cy’irembo rizamura, imiterere yabyo, imikorere yabyo, n’ikoreshwa ryabyo biratandukanye cyane.

7. Umwanzuro

Mu magambo make, valve y'irembo ry'icyuma ni valve yihariye yo kuzimya yagenewe ibikoresho bigoye, byanduye kandi bikurura. Igikorwa cyayo cyo gukata nk'icyuma ni cyo cyiza cy'ingenzi, gikemura ibibazo byo kuziba no gutsindwa kw'ibikoresho bisanzwe byo kuziba by'irembo ry'icyuma mu gihe cyo gufata ibintu bivanze, ibintu bikomeye n'ibikoresho bifite fibre. Valve y'irembo ry'icyuma ifite imiterere yoroshye, ikora vuba, kandi ishobora guhinduka mu buryo bwagutse. Nubwo idashobora kugenzura amazi atembera neza kandi gufunga neza kwayo mu bikoresho bisukuye ni bike, iracyashobora gusimburwa mu gutunganya amazi yanduye, mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, mu mpapuro, mu bya shimi, no mu zindi nganda aho ibikoresho birimo ibintu bikomeye, fibre, cyangwa ibice bito.

Ku bijyanye no guhitamo ibintu nyabyo: hitamo valve zisanzwe zo gushyiramo icyuma gikoresha ibyuma kugira ngo ukoreshe neza neza ibyuma. Ku bijyanye n'imyanda, imyanda, uduce duto, imigozi, n'ibindi bintu bishobora kuziba kandi bikaze, ugomba guhitamo valve y'icyuma kugira ngo urebe ko imiyoboro ikora neza kandi mu buryo bwizewe igihe kirekire.