Valve y'irembo ry'umugozi: Ubuyobozi bwa tekiniki ku bahanga mu by'imashini n'amasoko

1. Valve y'irembo ry'umugozi uhoraho ni iki?

Valve yo gukingira icyuma irakomera ni igikoresho cy’ikoranabuhanga cyavalve y'irembo ry'agaceumuryango. Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyayo ni uko disiki y'irembo iba itwikiriwe neza cyangwa ikozwe mu bikoresho bya elastic (ubusanzwe ni rabha ya EPDM) aho kuba igishushanyo mbonera gisanzwe cyo gufunga ibyuma. Iyi nyubako igamije gutanga uburyo bwo gufunga umuhanda impande zombi mu buryo bwizewe kandi hirindwa ibibazo bikunze gufatirwamo no gukoresha torque nyinshi biboneka muri valve zisanzwe zo gufunga amarembo.

Bitandukanye n'udukingirizo tw'irembo ry'icyuma gisanzwe, irembo ry'agakingirizo k'irembo ry'icyuma gisanzwe ni umubiri w'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gifite agapira ka EPDM gakozwe mu buryo bwa vulcanized kandi gahuye n'amahame yemewe n'amazi yo kunywa. Iyo ufunze, agace k'ibuye gakozwe mu cyuma gakorana n'intebe y'umubiri w'agakingirizo, aho gukorana n'icyuma gikomeye n'icyuma. Kuva mu myaka ya 1980, udukingirizo tw'irembo ry'icyuma gisanzwe twabaye amahitamo akomeye mu miyoboro yo gusukura no gukwirakwiza amazi, cyane cyane ku bunini kugeza kuri DN600. Muri iki gihe, abakora ibikoresho bikomeye bongereye uburebure kugeza kuri DN1000 cyangwa ndetse na DN1200.

Akamaro ko kugura: Amavali yo mu bwoko bwa wedge gate aramba atanga inyungu zidasanzwe mu gutanga amazi, gusohora amazi no gutunganya amazi yanduye. Ubuso bwo gufunga bwa rubber burwanya kwangirika kw'ibintu biri mu buryo bw'icyuma, kandi ntibusaba ko ibyuma bifunga neza, bityo bigabanyiriza ikiguzi cyo gukora no kubungabunga.

2. Valve y'irembo ry'umugozi ikora ite?

Valve y'irembo ry'umugozi ni valve izunguruka inshuro nyinshi: inkingi yayo iyobora irembo ikoresheje umugozi uzenguruka. Irembo rigenda rigororotse ku cyerekezo cy'amazi.

Urukurikirane rw'imikorere:

1.Gusoza: Iyo urukiramende cyangwa actuator bihinduriwe iburyo, uruti rujyana irembo hasi. Impande ebyiri zo gufunga z'irembo rifite ishusho y'urukiramende zikozweho hejuru hanini n'ubuso bworoshye. Uko irembo rimanuka mu ntebe z'umubiri, ubuso bw'urukiramende butanga igikorwa cyo gufunga hagati y'intebe. Iki gikorwa gihindura imbaraga zikora mu gice cy'inyuma mo umuvuduko wo gufunga ukoresheje radial, bityo bigatuma habaho gufunga cyane. Ubu ni ubwoko bwo gufunga - imbaraga zo gufunga zikomoka ahanini ku bikorwa byo hanze, ntabwo ari ku muvuduko w'umurongo.

2.Gufungura: Uruti ruzunguruka mu cyerekezo gitandukanye, rukura irembo kure y’intebe kandi rufungura neza inzira y’amazi. Iyo rifunguye neza, valve y’irembo itanga inzira igororotse, idakingiye kandi ifite ubushobozi buke bwo kudakoresha amazi, kandi yemerera ingurube z’imiyoboro kunyuramo.

3.Ibiranga imikorere: Kubera ko uruti rusaba guhindukira inshuro nyinshi kugira ngo rurangize gukanda burundu, valve z'irembo zifungura kandi zigafunga buhoro buhoro. Iyi miterere isanzwe ifasha kandi gukumira ingaruka z'amazi ku nyundo.

Icyitonderwa cy'ingenzi: Vali zo mu rugi rw'insinga zagenewe gukoreshwa mu gufungura cyangwa gufunga neza. Ntizigomba gukoreshwa nk'ivali zifunga. Irembo rifunguye igice rishobora guhura n'isuri n'ingaruka z'amazi, bishobora kwangiza amaso afunga kandi bigatera gutigita n'urusaku.

3. Gushyira mu byiciro Valves z'irembo ry'ingo

Vali zo gushyiramo imigozi zishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe ibipimo bitandukanye:

3.1 By Gate Disc Construction

Muri ibyo, imiterere y’imashini ihindura imiterere y’imashini ihuza ibyiza bya disiki zikomeye n’izifite imiterere ibiri, kandi ni yo ikoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe mu gukoresha imashini zigabanya amashanyarazi ziciriritse kugeza ku nini.

3.2 Binyuze ku miterere ya Stem

• Uruti ruzamuka (urushundura rwo hanze n'igitambaro)– Uruti rugenda ruzamuka runamanuka uko rukora, rugaragaza neza aho valve iherereye.

•Uruti rudahinduka (urushundura rw'imbere)– Uruti ruzunguruka nta kuzenguruka mu ruhande; urubuto rw'uruti ruzamuka/rumanuka. Rukwiriye gukoreshwa mu gushyiramo uburebure buke.

3.3 Ukoresheje Uburyo bwo Gukora

Ikoreshwa n'intoki, amashanyarazi, umwuka, amazi, n'ibindi.

3.4 Hakurikijwe Ubwoko bw'Ihuza

Ifite flanged, soldering, wafer, nibindi.

4. Itandukaniro riri hagati ya Velve zo mu Gati zo mu Mutwe n'Velve zo mu Gati zijyanye n'Umutwe

Amavali y'amarembo agabanyijemo ubwoko bw'ibanga n'ubwoko bw'ibanga bukurikije imiterere y'irembo. Itandukaniro ryabo ry'ingenzi ni:

Amabwiriza agenga guhitamo: Hitamo valves zo gushyiramo icyuma mu gihe bikenewe ko zizewe cyane kandi zigafungwa mu cyerekezo cy’imirongo ibiri. Ku bijyanye n’umwuka ushyushye cyane, amazi yo koga cyangwa izindi serivisi zirimo ubushyuhe bwinshi, valves zo gushyiramo icyuma mu buryo bunyuranye zirinda gufungana mu buryo bushyushye kandi zishobora kuba amahitamo meza kurushaho.

5. Amahame ngenderwaho y'igishushanyo mbonera cy'amavalufu y'irembo ry'ingo

Igishushanyo, ikorwa n'igeragezwa ry'udupira tw'ingobyi bigomba kubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho akomeye ya tekiniki. Aya mahame ashimangira ubuziranenge, guhindagurika no umutekano. Amabwiriza y'ingenzi yo mu gihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga aravugwa hano hepfo kugira ngo akoreshwe n'abakozi b'abahanga n'abashinzwe amasoko mu gihe cyo guhitamo no kwemerwa.

5.1 Amahame ngenderwaho y'Igihugu cy'Ubushinwa (GB) n'Inganda (JB)

Ku isoko ry'imbere mu gihugu,Valves zo ku irembo ry'ingomeroubusanzwe bakurikiza aya mahame:

Mbere, JB/T 1739‑1992 (“Ibice by’imiterere y’ama-valve – Intera y’intebe n’ingano y’inguni y’ama-valve y’irembo ry’ama-wedge” byibanze ku mfuruka z’ama-wedge, ariko byakuweho mu 2005. Muri iki gihe, guhitamo inguni y’ama-wedge bishingiye ku buryo umuntu ku giti cye abikora n’imiterere nyayo ya serivisi.

5.2 Amahame Mpuzamahanga (API, ASME, AWWA, nibindi)

Ku mishinga yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga cyangwa imiterere isanzwe ya Amerika, ibi bikurikira ni byo bikunze kwemezwa:

5.3 Amahame yihariye ku bijyanye n'amavalufu y'irembo ry'amazi adashobora guhindagurika (inganda z'amazi)

Ku bijyanye no gutanga amazi no kuyasukura, Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika rishinzwe ibikorwa by’amazi (AWWA) ryateguye urukurikirane rwihariye:

•ANSI/AWWA C509– Ibisanzwe ku mavali yo mu irembo afite ubushobozi bwo kwicaraho (inkombe eshatu n'inkuru, kugeza kuri psig 250). Igaragaza ibisabwa ku gipfundikizo gihamye (gufata kuri ASTM D429), ibizingo by'imitsi, kuzimya neza kw'udupira two mu mpande zombi, n'ibindi.

•ANSI/AWWA C515– Ibisanzwe ku mavali manini y’umurambararo (ubusanzwe afite santimetero 4 no hejuru yayo) y’icyuma gikingira icyuma, afite ubugari bukomeye bw’urukuta n’ibikoresho bikenewe.

•AWWA C111/A21.11– Ibisanzwe ku ngingo zirimo imirasire (ikoreshwa mu buryo bwa mekanike n'ubwo gusunika), bikoreshwa ku miyoboro y'imashini.

5.4 Andi Mabwiriza Ajyanye Nabyo

5.5 Ingingo z'ingenzi zo gutanga amasoko no kuyakira

Mu guhitamo no kwakira valve zo mu bwoko bwa wedge gate, abakozi bashinzwe gutanga amasoko bagomba kugenzura ibi bikurikira byemewe:

1.Icyemezo gisanzwe cy'igishushanyo– Menya neza ko valve yakozwe ku buryo bukwiye (urugero, GB/T 12234, API 600 cyangwa AWWA C509) kugira ngo ikoreshwe neza.

2.Igipimo cy'imbonankubone– Genzura ko uburebure bwa valve buhuye na GB/T 12221 cyangwa ASME B16.10 kugira ngo wemeze ko aho hantu hashobora guhindurwa.

3.Guhuza flange– Emeza ko flange standard (JB/T 79, GB/T 9113, ASME B16.5, nibindi) ihuye na sisitemu y'imiyoboro.

4.Isuzuma rya raporo y'ibizamini– Saba raporo z'ibizamini by'uruganda hakurikijwe JB/T 9092 cyangwa API 598, harimo imbaraga z'igikonoshwa, intebe y'inyuma, n'ibisubizo by'ibizamini byo gusohora amazi mu ntebe.

5.Impamyabumenyi z'ibikoresho– Ku bijyanye na valves zo mu bwoko bwa wedge gate ziramba, shaka icyemezo cy’ibikoresho byo gusiga EPDM hamwe na raporo z’ibizamini byo gufatana.

6.Igenzura ry'ibimenyetso– Kugenzura ko ikimenyetso cy'umubiri wa valve cyujuje ibisabwa na GB/T 12220 (uwakoze, ingano, ibikoresho, urwego rw'umuvuduko, nibindi).

6. Inguni y'ikirahure cy'irembo ry'ikirahure ni iyihe?

Inguni y'umugozi ni kimwe mu bipimo by'ingenzi cyane ku miterere y'ama-valve yo ku rugi rw'umugozi, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku buryo bwo kuziba, imbaraga z'imikorere n'uburyo ubushyuhe bushobora guhinduka.

6.1 Ingano rusange y'inguni z'umugozi

Inguni iri hagati ya buri ruhande rwo gufunga n'umurongo wo hagati uhagaze (ni ukuvuga inguni y'umugozi) ikunze gutoranywa mu gaciro gasanzwe gakurikira:

•2°52′
•3°30′
•5° (bikunze kugaragara cyane)
•8°
•10°

Muri byo, 5° niyo ikoreshwa cyane. Valve y'irembo ingana ishobora gufatwa nk'agasanduku kihariye gafite inguni ya 0°.

Ibintu 6.2 Bigira ingaruka ku guhitamo inguni z'urukiramende

Inguni y'umugozi ishingiye ahanini ku bushyuhe bw'imikorere y'icyuma gikoreshwa:

•Uko ubushyuhe burushaho kuba bwinshi, niko inguni igomba kuba nini - ibi bigabanya ibyago byo gufungana kw'ubushyuhe bitewe no kwaguka k'ubushyuhe bw'irembo.

•Ku bushyuhe buri hasi, inguni nto nka 2°52′ ikunze gutorwa.

•Ku bushyuhe buri hejuru, inguni nini (5°, 8° cyangwa ndetse na 10°) ni zo zikunze gukoreshwa.

6.3 Amahame y'igishushanyo mbonera cy'inguni y'umugozi

Inguni y'umugozi ntabwo ari ikintu gisanzwe. Imiterere y'umugozi igamije kongera umuvuduko wo gufunga iyo valve ifunze. Inguni ntoya itanga imbaraga nyinshi zo gufunga imirasire ku rugendo rumwe rw'umurongo, bitanga kuzimya kwizerwa, ariko bisaba ubuhanga bwo gukora neza kandi ikunze kwibasirwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Inguni nini, mu buryo bunyuranye, ituma imikorere yoroha kandi ingaruka zo gufatana zidakomeye, ariko ikenera umuvuduko muremure wo gufunga kugira ngo ikuremo imbaraga zimwe zo gufunga.

Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, JB/T 1739‑1992 yihariye yakuweho mu 2005. Ubu, guhitamo inguni y'inyuma bishingiye ku mategeko agenga imiterere ya buri mukozi n'imiterere yihariye ya serivisi.

7. Ingingo z'inyongera ku bahanga mu by'ubwubatsi n'amasoko

7.1 Ibipimo bisanzwe bya tekiniki bya Valves z'irembo zihamye

•Ibipimo by'umuvuduko: Ingano rusange ni PN16 (umurongo 16), psi 200 (umurongo 13.8) CWP, psi 300 (umurongo 20.7), nibindi.

•Ingano y'ubushyuhe: Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byicarwamo na kawunga akenshi buba hagati ya -10°C na +130°C; ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byicarwamo n'ibyuma bushobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi.

•Ingano: Kuva kuri DN50 kugeza kuri DN1000+.

•Ibikoresho by'umubiri: Icyuma gishongeshejwe, icyuma gishongeshejwe, nibindi.

•Ibikoresho byo gufunga: EPDM rubber (urwego rw'amazi yo kunywa).

7.2 Ibyiza by'ingenzi bya Valves z'Irembo ry'Umugozi Udahinduka

•Zeru y'icyerekezo cy'imirongo ibiriKuzimya amazi – agace gakomeye k'umugozi gatanga ifunga ry'udupira.

•Umuvuduko muke wo gukora– gukururana kw'icyuma kuri peteroli ni hasi cyane ugereranyije n'icyuma kiri hagati yacyo n'icyuma.

•Nta gufatana– agace gakomeye gashobora kwangirika gato, bityo ntigahungire mu ntebe nk'agace gakomeye.

•Igihe kirekire cyo gukora- ibikoresho bikomeye bigabanya kwangirika ku maso afunga.

7.3 Ibyifuzo ku bijyanye n'amasoko

1. Huza imiterere ya serivisi– Hitamo inguni ikwiye y'ibanga ishingiye ku bushyuhe buringaniye; ku bipimo by'ubushyuhe buri hejuru, tekereza ku miterere y'ibanga rihindagurika cyangwa imiterere y'irembo rihuriranye.

2. Gukurikiza amategeko ngenderwaho– Emeza ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa nka EN 1074, BS 5163, AWWA C550, n'ibindi.

3. Kurinda ingese– Reba uko irangi ry’imbere n’iry’inyuma (urugero, ifu ya epoxy ifatanye na fusion – FBE).

4. Ubwoko bw'imikorere– Hitamo icyuma gitera imbaraga kizamuka/kidazamuka, igikoresho gikoresha intoki/amashanyarazi/gikoresha umwuka ukurikije ibisabwa aho giherereye.

Valves zo ku irembo ry'ingomeroni zimwe mu mashini zikoreshwa cyane mu gutandukanya imiyoboro y'amazi. Guhitamo kwazo bikubiyemo ibintu byinshi bya tekiniki, harimo igishushanyo mbonera cy'inguni, guhitamo inguni y'impande, guhuza ibikoresho n'amahame ngenderwaho. Twizere ko iyi nkuru itanga icyerekezo cy'ingirakamaro ku bahanga mu by'ubwubatsi n'abashinzwe amasoko mu guhitamo imishinga no mu byemezo byo kugura.