Imipira ya Valve: Ishingiro ry'imikorere ya Valve y'Umupira

Imipira ya Valve ni iki?

Igice cy'ingenzi cyavalve y'umupirani umupira wa valve (cyangwa seriveri ya valve). Imiterere yawo igena mu buryo butaziguye imikorere ya valve yo kuziba, ubushobozi bwo kugenzura ubwiyongere bw'amazi, n'igihe ikoreshwa.

Imiterere n'Uburyo bwiza:

Imipira isanzwe ifite imiterere y’imipira yuzuye cyangwa iy’imipira mito. Umupira w’imipira yuzuye ufite umurambararo w’imipira ujyanye n’umurambararo w’imbere w’umuyoboro (urugero, umupira wa santimetero 2 ufite umurambararo wa santimetero 2), bigatuma amazi atemba neza. Ubuhanga bwo gukora imashini bugomba kugera ku rwego rwa IT6-IT7 (kuri ISO 286), bufite ubuso buto ≤0.8μm (Ra) kugira ngo bigabanye kwangirika no gutuma imikorere igenda neza.

Uruhare rw'imipira ya Valve

Udupira twa valve ni two dukoreshwa mu gufunga no kugenzura amazi mu gice cy’umupira. Kuzunguruka umupira kuri dogere 90 bifungura cyangwa bigafunga inzira y’amazi. Ubuso bwawo butunganye n’ubuziranenge bw’ibikoresho ni ingenzi cyane mu kuzimya amazi no guhindura uburyo amazi anyuramo.

Ibikoresho by'umupira w'ingufu

Icyuma kitagira umwanda (304/316):

Itanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese, ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikora imiti, peteroli, n'izitunganya ibiribwa.

Icyuma cya karuboni gifite igisenge cya nikeli:

Umuti uhendutse kandi utanga uburinzi ku ngeso mbi, ukoreshwa cyane mu miyoboro y'amazi ifite umuvuduko muto.

Ibara rya Ceramic (urugero: Alumina, Zirconia):

Itanga ubudahangarwa budasanzwe ku gushwanyagurika, ingese, n'ubushyuhe bwinshi (kugeza kuri 1200°C), ariko igaragaza ubushyuhe bwinshi (reba "Amasomo y'Ubwubatsi bw'Amashanyarazi"). Ni nziza cyane kuri serivisi z'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Ubwoko bw'imipira ya Valve

Umupira wa O-Port:

Umupira usanzwe w’uruziga ufite imbobo y’uruziga, ukoreshwa mu bice byinshi by’umupira biri ku mazi n’ibiremereye.

Umupira wa V-Port:

Ifite akantu gafite ishusho ya V mu mwobo, gatuma habaho kugenzura neza amazi anyuramo (karangwa n'ijanisha ringana ry'amazi anyuramo), gakoreshwa cyane cyane mu tugozi twa V-port.

Umupira wa C-Port:

Ifite ishusho nk'iya "C", ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bikorwa byihariye by'imiyoboro myinshi.

Umupira wa U-Port:

Ifite ishusho nk'iya "U", ikoreshwa mu mavali afite imiyoboro myinshi mu bijyanye n'ibikenewe byihariye byo guhindura amazi.

Umupira ureremba:

Umupira ntushyirwa ku giti mu buryo bwa mashini kandi wishingikiriza ku gitutu cyo hasi kugira ngo uwushyire ku ntebe kugira ngo ufungwe. Usanzwe mu bunini buto.

Umupira ushyizwe ku gitereko (udahinduka):

Umupira ushyigikiwe n'udupira tw'ingufu hejuru no hepfo, bigabanya imbaraga zo gukora n'umutwaro w'intebe, cyane cyane mu gukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi n'umurambararo munini.

Imipira y'Inzira Eshatu:

Umupira wa T-Port:

Iyobora inzira hagati y'ibyambu bibiri cyangwa ishobora guhagarika inzira zose.

Umupira wa L-Port:

Ihuza icyambu cyo hagati na kimwe muri ibyo bibiri byo ku ruhande ariko ntabwo ihuza byose icyarimwe.

Icyitonderwa: Imipira ikomeye ugereranije n'imipira y'ubururu

Bamwe mu bakora, cyane cyane mu Bushinwa, bakora imipira y’amashanyarazi idafunze cyane cyane mu rwego rwo kugabanya ikiguzi.

Udupira tw’imyobo dufite igipimo cyo hasi cyane cy’umuvuduko bitewe n’aho duherereye imbere kandi ntitubahiriza ibisabwa mu gishushanyo cya API 6D (Pipeline Valves).

Abashinzwe gutanga amasoko n'igenzura bagomba kwemeza neza uruganda niba imipira ya valve itangwa ikomeye cyangwa irimo ubusa. Gukoresha imipira irimo ubusa mu gushyiramo ingufu bitera ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano.

Gutunganya no gutunganya imipira ya valve

Kugira ngo umupira w'imvange ukomere, wongere igihe cyo gukoresha imvange, kandi wongere ubushobozi bwo kudashira, hakunze gukoreshwa uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura ubuso (coatings):

Gufata neza:

Ubuhanga nka Stellite overlay (urugero, Stellite 6, 21), NiCrBSi alloys (urugero, Ni60), cyangwa Tungsten Carbide (WC) coatings byongera cyane ubukana bw'ubuso no kudashwanyagurika.

Aloyi zifite Chrome nyinshi:

Imyambaro nka 13Cr itanga uburyo bwo kurwanya ingese no kurwanya isuri.

Gusya no gusimbuza neza (nyuma yo gusiga irangi iyo bikoreshejwe) ni ingenzi kugira ngo ubuso bugere ku rugero rukenewe (Ra ≤0.8μm) no kugira uburebure bw'umurambararo kugira ngo habeho gufunga neza.

Uburyo umupira w'ingufu ukorana n'ibindi bice (intebe z'ingufu)

Imikorere ya valve y'umupira ishingiye ku mikoranire nyayo hagati y'umupira w'agatebo, intebe n'igitereko.

Sisitemu yo Gufunga Imipira ya Valve n'Icyicaro

Intebe zoroshye (PTFE/Elastomer nka NBR, EPDM):

Igera ku gipimo cyo kuvogera amazi kiri hasi cyane (≤10⁻⁶ m³/s, ISO 5208 Class A).

Ubushyuhe buke (ubusanzwe ≤200°C).

Ni byiza cyane mu gihe serivisi zisukuye zifunze neza.

Intebe z'icyuma (urugero, Stellite, 316SS, Hardfaced):

Ikwiriye ubushyuhe bwinshi (kugeza kuri 540°C+) ndetse n'imirimo yo gukurura/gutwika.

Igipimo cyo kuvogera kw'inyuma kiri hejuru ugereranyije n'intebe zoroshye ariko gishobora gutuma amazi ava make (Class B/C/D) nyuma yo gukubita umupira neza no kwicara neza cyane (Ra ≤0.4μm).

Ni ngombwa mu gukoresha ibikoresho birinda inkongi y'umuriro.

Imipira ya Valve muri Valve z'umupira zireremba ugereranyije na Trunnion

Uburyo bwo gushyigikira umupira bugena ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwa valve:

Valves z'umupira zireremba (Ubusanzwe ≤DN200):

Umupira uremererwa kureremba gato hepfo y'umugezi. Igitutu cya sisitemu gisunika umupira ku ntebe iri hepfo y'umugezi kugira ngo habeho ikimenyetso.

Torque yo gukora iri hasi (urugero, ≤50N·m kuri DN100 kuri buri mibare ya API 6D).

Imbogamizi: Ishobora kugira intebe nyinshi kandi ishobora "guhagarara" iyo hari umuvuduko mwinshi; muri rusange igarukira ku manota ya PN40 (Class 300).

Valves z'umupira zishyizwe kuri Trunnion (Ku muvuduko mwinshi n'umuvuduko munini):

Umupira ushyizwe ku mapine y'impande. Intebe zishyirwamo impera kandi zishyirwa ku mupira.

Itanga uburyo bwo gufunga bwizewe cyane, igabanya cyane imbaraga zo gukoresha (cyane cyane ku ngano nini), kandi ikwiriye ingufu nyinshi cyane (PN100 / Class 600 no hejuru yayo).

Ikoreshwa Risanzwe: Imiyoboro y'ingenzi ya peteroli na gaze (urugero, valve za DN300 trunnion zapimwe kuri 10MPa zikoreshwa mu mishinga minini nka Pipeline ya Gaze y'Iburengerazuba).

Imipira ya Valve iri mu byuma bifunganye ugereranyije n'imipira yoroshye

Guhitamo ibikoresho by'umupira n'uburyo bwo gutunganya ubuso bifitanye isano rya hafi n'ubwoko bw'intebe:

Valves zoroshye:

Akenshi koresha imipira isanzwe y'icyuma kitagira umugese (304/316). Intebe yoroshye ihura neza n'ubuso bw'umupira.

Valves zicaye mu byuma:

Gukenera udupira twakonje (urugero, unyuze mu gice gikomeye nka Stellite cyangwa WC) kugira ngo wihangane n'imbaraga nyinshi zo gukoraho no kwangirika ku ntebe ikomeye nk'iya icyuma. Guhuza neza ubuso ni ingenzi cyane.

Kugereranya amakuru ajyanye n'ikoreshwa ry'inganda

Kubungabunga: Ibimenyetso by'umuburo by'uko umupira wangiritse

Ubujyakuzimu bwo gukanda >0.1mm:

Bigaragaza ko hari icyangiritse gikomeye ku buso kibangamira gufunga; gusimbuza umupira ni itegeko (nk'uko biteganywa n'amabwiriza ya ASME B16.34).

Ingufu z'imikorere ziyongera >20%:

Igaragaza ko intebe ishobora gukomera/guhinduka, gukururana gukabije, cyangwa umupira udasanzwe ukeneye iperereza.

Umwanzuro: Igisenge cy'Imikorere

Igishushanyo, guhitamo ibikoresho, no gukora neza kw'umupira w'ingufu bigena imikorere ntarengwa ("igisenge") cy'umupira uwo ari wo wose. Kuva ku guhitamo ifu ikwiye no gusiga irangi kugeza ku kuwuhuza n'uburyo bwo kuwufunga bukwiye, buri ntambwe igomba guhuzwa neza n'imiterere yihariye ya serivisi. Ndetse no kunyuranya guto mu bwiza bw'umupira cyangwa guhuza bishobora gutuma ingufu zidakora neza. Gushora imari mu mipira y'ingufu ikomeye ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo habeho umutekano, kwizerwa, no kuramba mu bikorwa bigoye.