Valve y'irembo ry'icyuma gikoresha umwuka: Ubuyobozi bwimbitse

Valve y'irembo ry'icyuma gikoresha umwuka (Pneumatic Actuator Gate Valve) ni iki?

Valve y'irembo ry'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ni ubwoko bwa valve itwarwa na actuator y'amashanyarazi, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kugenzura urujya n'uruza rw'amazi mu miyoboro. Ibice byayo by'ingenzi birimo umubiri wa valve, disiki y'irembo, actuator y'amashanyarazi, n'ibikoresho byo gufunga. Ikoresha umwuka ufunze nk'isoko y'amashanyarazi, ituma valve ifunguka kandi igafungwa vuba. Valve y'irembo ry'amashanyarazi izwiho gukora vuba, kwizerwa cyane, no kwihuza neza, bigatuma ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nka peteroli na gaze, gutunganya imiti, gutanga amashanyarazi, ibyuma, no gutunganya amazi.

Ihame ry'imikorere

Igice cy'imbere cya valve y'irembo rya pneumatic kiri muri sisitemu ihuza silinda na piston:

•Inzira yo gutwara ikirere:

Umwuka ufunze (ubusanzwe kuri 0.4–0.8 MPa) winjira muri silindiri, ugatuma piston igenda.

•Uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru:

Piston ihujwe n'umugongo wa valve binyuze mu nkoni ya piston, ikajyana disiki y'irembo ku cyerekezo cy'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi.

•Gufunga Valve:

Umwuka ufunze winjira mu gice cyo hejuru cya silinda, ugasunika piston hasi kugira ngo ukandagire disiki y'irembo ku ntebe ya valve kugira ngo ifunze neza.

•Gufungura Valve:

Umwuka ufunze winjira mu gice cyo hasi cya silinda, ugasunika piston hejuru kugira ngo ikureho disiki y'irembo iva ku ntebe ya valve, bigatuma ibyuma bisohoka.

•Imikorere ya Manual:

Hari ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bukoresha intoki, nk'ipine ry'intoki cyangwa inkoni yo kuzunguruka, kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu gihe isoko y'umwuka yangiritse.

Imiterere y'amavalufu y'irembo rya pneumatic

Vali zo mu rugi rw'umwuka zigaragaza imiterere itandukanye y'imiterere:

•Actuator y'umwuka:

Ubusanzwe ikoresha silindiri zikora inshuro ebyiri cyangwa izikora imwe zigenzurwa na vali za solenoid kugira ngo ziyobore urujya n'uruza rw'umwuka. Silindiri zikora ebyiri zisaba umwuka uhoraho kugira ngo zigumane aho ziherereye, mu gihe silindiri zikora imwe zikoresha impera kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu buryo bw'umutekano.

•Disiki y'umubiri wa Valve n'irembo:

Igice cy'umugozi akenshi kiba gikozwe mu bikoresho nk'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma cyangwa icyuma kitagira umugese. Disiki z'irembo zikozwe mu buryo bumeze nk'umugozi cyangwa ubwoko buteye kimwe—ubugari butuma habaho kuziba neza ariko amazi agakomeza kwiyongera, mu gihe ubwoko buteye kimwe bugira ubushobozi buke bwo kuziba ariko bushingira ku buryo ibikoresho biramba kugira ngo zifungwe.

•Imiterere yo Gufunga:

Uburyo bwo gufunga burimo gufunga bikomeye (icyuma kiva kuri icyuma) no gufunga byoroshye (ukoresheje rabha, PTFE, nibindi). Gufunga byoroshye birakwiriye ku bikoresho birimo ubushyuhe buke n'umuvuduko muto, mu gihe gufunga bikomeye ari byiza ku bidukikije birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, cyangwa byangiza.

•Uburyo bwo guhuza:

Imiyoboro isanzwe irimo imiyoboro ifatanye, imiyoboro ya wafer, n'imiyoboro ifatanye. Imiyoboro ifatanye yorohereza gushyiraho no kubungabunga, imiterere y'imiyoboro ya wafer ni mito, kandi imiyoboro ifatanye ikoreshwa mu miyoboro ifite umuvuduko mwinshi.

• Igishushanyo mbonera cy'umubiri wa Valve:

Ubwoko bw'igiti kizamuka:Uruti rw'imvange ruzamuka runamanuka hamwe n'irembo, rugaragaza neza uko imvange ihagaze.

Ubwoko bw'igiti kidakura:Uruti rw'ingufu ruzenguruka mu gihe irembo rigenda, bikaba bikwiriye ahantu hadafite umwanya munini.

• Uburyo bwo gufunga:

Gufunga bikomeye:Guhuza icyuma n'icyuma hagati y'intebe ya valve n'irembo, birwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko ariko biterwa n'uburyo bwo gukora neza.

Gufunga byoroshye:Irembo ririho ibikoresho nka nitrile rubber cyangwa EPDM, bitanga uburyo bwiza bwo gufunga ariko bihangana n'ubushyuhe buke.

• Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho bikoresha actuator:

Silinda imwe:Imiterere yoroshye, ikwiriye cyane ku mavali mato.

Silinda ebyiri:Itanga imbaraga zo guterura inshuro ebyiri, ikagabanya ibyago byo gucika intege mu buryo bunini cyangwa bufite umuvuduko mwinshi.

• Uburyo bwo gufunga (buffer):

Bigabanya ingaruka mu gihe cyo gufungura no gufunga valve, bikongera igihe cyo kuziba ahantu hafunga.

Ibyiza by'ingenzi bya valves z'irembo rya pneumatic

Valves zo mu bwoko bwa actuator gate zitanga inyungu nyinshi z'ingenzi:

• Igenzura ry’imikorere y’ikoranabuhanga:

Bishyigikira imikorere no guhuza DCS, PLC, n'izindi sisitemu zo kugenzura, bigatuma habaho ibikorwa byikora. Uburyo bwabo bwo kwihuta butuma bikoreshwa kenshi mu gusiganwa ku magare, nko mu gutunganya imiti.

• Umutekano n'Ubwizerwe:

Utwuma dukoresha umwuka ntitwikwa, bigatuma tuba dufite umutekano mu bidukikije bishobora gushya cyangwa guturika nk'imiyoboro ya peteroli na gazi. Guhindura ikirere n'intoki bituma imikorere yacyo ikora neza mu gihe umwuka wangiritse.

• Guhuza n'imimerere neza:

Izi valve ntizishobora kwangirika, zifite ibikoresho by'umubiri nk'icyuma kidashonga cyangwa icyuma cya karuboni bikoreshwa mu bikoresho bikomeye birimo aside, alkali, n'umunyu. Zihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko—valves zoroshye zifunga zikora kuva kuri -29°C kugeza kuri 210°C, mu gihe valves zikomeye zifunga zishobora kwihanganira kugeza kuri 550°C.

• Kubungabunga byoroshye:

Kubera ko bifite imiterere yoroshye n'ibice bike, bifite igipimo gito cyo kwangirika. Imiterere y'ibipaki ifasha imyaka myinshi gukora nta gusimbuza, bigagabanya igihe cyo kudakora.

Izindi nyungu zirimo:

• Igikorwa cyihuse:Imashini zikora amashanyarazi zihita zikora vuba (ubusanzwe amasegonda 0.5-2), ni nziza cyane ku bikenewe mu kuzimya vuba.

• Kwizerwa cyane:Nta ngaruka z'umuriro w'amashanyarazi ziterwa n'amashanyarazi, bituma habaho umutekano mu bice biteje akaga.

• Gusana byoroshye:Igishushanyo cyoroshye gifite ibice bike bigabanya ingaruka zo kwangirika.

• Uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu:Guhindura umuvuduko w'umwuka bituma habaho kugenzura amazi atemba, bikongera ubushobozi bwo kuyahindura.

Ingero z'Ikoreshwa

Valves zo mu bwoko bwa pneumatic gate zikoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye:

• Peteroli na Gazi:

Akora mu miyoboro n'ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibyuma kugira ngo ashyire mu buryo butarimo umuvuduko mwinshi w'amashanyarazi no kurwanya ingese.

• Inganda zikora imiti:

Ikoreshwa mu miyoboro ikora ibikoresho byangiza nk'aside, alkali, n'ibintu bihumanya ikirere, ikenera ibikoresho birwanya ingese nka Hastelloy cyangwa titaniyumu.

• Ingufu n'Ubucuruzi bw'Ibyuma:

Ishyirwa mu miyoboro y'amazi n'amazi ashyushya mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi, akenshi ikoreshwa mu bikoresho byo gufunga ubushyuhe bwinshi.

• Gutunganya amazi:

Ikoreshwa mu gutunganya amazi yanduye no kuyakuraho umunyu, aho imiyoboro igomba kwirinda kwangirika no gucikamo ibice.

Amahame ngenderwaho mu nganda n'ibigomba kwitabwaho mu guhitamo

Mu guhitamo valve y'irembo ry'umwuka, tekereza kuri ibi bintu:

• Ibiranga biringaniye:

Harimo ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, ubushyuhe, no kuba hari uduce duto tw’ibintu bikomeye. Urugero, ibikoresho byo gukurura bisaba disiki zo mu irembo zidashobora kwangirika, mu gihe ibikoresho byo gukurura ubushyuhe bwinshi bisaba ibikoresho byo gukurura ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ibikoresho byo gukurura bishobora gusaba ibikoresho by’icyuma kitagira umugese bifite ubushyuhe bworoshye, kandi ibikoresho byo gukurura ubushyuhe bwinshi akenshi bikoresha ibikoresho byo gukurura bikomeye nka 20CrMoV.

• Umuvuduko n'ubushyuhe by'akazi:

Hitamo valves hashingiwe ku bipimo by'imiterere y'imiyoboro, nk'ibipimo by'umuvuduko (urugero, PN16, PN25) n'ubushyuhe (valves zisanzwe zikunze kuba kuri -20°C kugeza kuri 200°C).

• Ibisabwa mu gufunga:

Hitamo uburyo bwo gufunga ukurikije ibyiciro by'amazi asohoka (urugero, ANSI Class VI). Gufunga byoroshye bitanga amazi make ariko bihangana n'ubushyuhe buke, mu gihe gufunga bikomeye birwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe n'amazi menshi asohoka.

• Guhuza Actuator:

Huza moderi ya actuator y'umwuka n'ibisabwa kuri torque ya valve, kandi ushyiremo ibikoresho nk'ama-valve ya solenoid na filters z'umwuka.

• Inshuro zo Gukora:

Ku bijyanye no gutwara imodoka kenshi, hitamo silinda ebyiri zifite uburyo bwo kuzigama kugira ngo ugabanye kwangirika.

• Imbogamizi z'umwanya:

Mu miyoboro yo munsi y'ubutaka cyangwa ahantu hafunganye, ubwoko bw'imiti idakura ni bwo bwiza.

• Ibikenewe mu kugenzura:

Kugira ngo ubone amabwiriza nyayo, hitamo moderi zifite ibikoresho byo gusubiza aho ibintu biri, nk'ibice bigabanya umuvuduko.

Ibyifuzo byo gushyigikira ibikoresho no kubungabunga

Amavali yo mu rugi rw'umwuka akenera ibikoresho byuzuzanya kugira ngo akore neza:

• Ishami rishinzwe gutunganya isoko y'umwuka:

Harimo ibyuma biyungurura umwuka, ibikoresho bigenzura umuvuduko w'umwuka, n'ibikoresho bisiga amavuta (FRL units) kugira ngo umwuka utange neza, wumye kandi urimo amavuta.

• Valves za Solenoid:

Genzura icyerekezo cy'umwuka; hitamo ukurikije inshuro zo gusimbuka kwa valve, ukurikije ingano y'agace n'ibikoresho.

• Amahina y'ingufu:

Tanga ibitekerezo ku mwanya wa valve kugira ngo ugenzure mu buryo bwikora.

Inama zo kubungabunga zirimo:

• Suzuma buri gihe umuvuduko w'umwuka kugira ngo urebe ko uguma mu rugero rw'umuvuduko w'umwuka (ubusanzwe uri hagati ya 0.4–0.8 MPa).

• Simbuza ibintu biyungurura kandi ushyire amavuta mu bikombe by'amavuta mu gice cya FRL buri mwaka.

• Ku bijyanye n'udupfundikizo tworoshye, genzura udupfundikizo buri myaka 2-3 kugira ngo urebe ko twashaje hanyuma usimbuze uko bikenewe.