Uburyo Value z'umupira zahinduwe​ mu hantu hateje akaga

Intangiriro

Valves z'umupirazikoreshwa cyane mu nganda bitewe nuko zizewe, zikora vuba, kandi zigafunga neza. Ariko, iyo zishyizwe muriahantu hateje akaga—nk'inyubako za peteroli na gaze, inganda zikora imiti, inganda zitunganya amabuye y'agaciro, n'ibikorwa by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro—ibishushanyo mbonera bisanzwe by'amapine akenshi ntibihagije.

Ahantu hateje akaga hateza ibyago birimo imyuka itwika, ivumbi rishobora gushya, ubushyuhe bukabije, ibikoresho byangiza, n'ibikoresho bishobora gutwika. Kugira ngo bikore neza kandi mu buryo bwizewe muri ibi bihe,Valves z'umupiraigomba kuba ifite ikoranabuhanga ryihariye, ifite icyemezo, kandi ikanageragezwaserivisi zo gushyira ahantu hateje akaga.

Iyi nkuru irasobanurauburyo valve z'umupira zikoreshwa mu gupima ahantu hashobora guteza akaga, hibandwa ku guhindura imiterere, guhitamo ibikoresho, gutanga impamyabumenyi, n'ubuyobozi bufatika bwo guhitamo ibikoresho ku bakoresha inganda.

impinduka, guhitamo ibikoresho, ibyemezo, n'amabwiriza afatika yo guhitamo ku bakoresha inganda.

Ni iki gifatwa nk'ahantu hateje akaga?

Ahantu hateje akaga hasobanurwa nk'agace ahoimyuka, umwuka, ibinyobwa, cyangwa ivumbi rishobora gushyabishobora kuboneka mu bwinshi buhagije kugira ngo biteze ibyago by'inkongi y'umuriro cyangwa guturika.

Sisitemu zisanzwe zo gushyira mu byiciro zirimo:

• Uduce twa IEC / ATEX

  • Agace ka 0 / 20: Kuba hari ikirere giturika mu buryo buhoraho

  • Agace ka 1/21: Birashoboka ko haba hari mu gihe cy'imikorere isanzwe

  • Akarere ka 2 / 22: Kuboneka mu buryo butunguranye kandi butunguranye

• Amasomo n'Amashami bya NEC / CEC

  • Icyiciro cya I: Imyuka n'umwuka

  • Icyiciro cya II: Ivumbi rishobora gushya

  • Icyiciro cya gatatu: Fibers n'indege

Vali z'umupira zikoreshwa muri ibi bidukikije zigomba kubahiriza ibisabwa mu gushyira mu byiciro no mu mategeko.

Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo guhindura imiterere y'amavalufu y'umupira w'amaguru akoreshwa ahantu hateye akaga

1. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ingufu zirinda guhagarara (amashanyarazi)

Mu kirere cy’impanuka, amashanyarazi adahindagurika ashobora gukora nk’isoko y’umuriro. Kugira ngo bigabanye ibi byago, uturindantoki tw’umupira dukoresha imbaraga zidasanzwe dukoreshaibikoresho birwanya imihindagurikirebigenzura ko amashanyarazi ahoraho hagati ya:

• Umupira n'igiti

• Igiti n'umubiri

Ibi birinda kwirundanya kw'amashanyarazi adahindagurika mu gihe cy'imikorere ya valve, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'imyuka myinshi cyangwa yumye.

2. Inyubako zirinda inkongi y'umuriro

Amavali y'umupira akoreshwa mu kuzimya umuriro yagenewe kubungabunga ubuziranenge bw'ingufundetse na nyuma yo gukubitwa n'inkongi y'umuriro.

Ibintu bisanzwe birimo:

• Gufunga by'inyongera kuva ku cyuma kugera ku cyuma

• Gupfunyika ibiti bya grafiti cyangwa ibishashi bidashobora gushya

• Iyubahirizwa ry'amahame ngenderwaho nkaAPI 607, API 6FA, cyangwa ISO 10497

Igishushanyo mbonera cy’inkongi y’umuriro ni ingenzi cyane mu bijyanye na peteroli na gaze, peteroli, n’inganda zitunganya ibikomoka kuri peteroli.

3. Uburyo bwo kurwanya ibisasu n'ingaruka ziterwa n'ibiza

Iyo valve z'umupira zikozwe mu buryo bwikora, actuator iba igice cy'ingenzi cy'umutekano.

Vali z'umupira zishyirwa ahantu hateye akaga zishobora kuba zifite:

• Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bidaturika

• Ibikoresho by'umwuka bifite solenoids zemewe

• Inzu zishyirwamo amanota kuriATEX, IECEx, UL, cyangwa CSA

Izi actuators zagenewe gukumira ko umuriro w’imbere ukwirakwira mu kirere cyo hanze.

4. Gufunga no kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu buryo bworoshye

Gusohoka kw'ibikoresho biteza akaga biteza ingaruka ku mutekano no ku bidukikije. Imikoreshereze y'uturindantoki tw'umupira twahinduwe:

• Gupakira ibiti bidafite umwuka mwinshi (grafiti cyangwa sisitemu zishingiye kuri PTFE)

• Gahunda yo gupakira ibintu byose

• Gukurikiza amategekoISO 15848 or API 622

Ibi bitanga icyizere cy'uko ifunga rikora neza igihe kirekire mu gihe cy'umuvuduko, gutigita, n'ubushyuhe.

5. Ibikoresho bikomeye byo mu rwego rwo guhangana n'ibihe bikomeye

Guhitamo ibikoresho ni ingenzi cyane mu bidukikije biteje akaga.

Uburyo busanzwe bwo guhindura ibintu burimo:

• Ibyuma bitagira umugese, ibiri cyangwa ibiri cyangwa ibiri

• Aloyi zirwanya ingese (Inconel, Monel, Hastelloy)

• Imyambaro irinda ingese kugira ngo irindwe inyuma

• Intebe n'udupfundikizo by'ubushyuhe bwinshi

Ibi bikoresho byongera uburambe mu gihe cyo kwangiza, gukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi, cyangwa mu bushyuhe bukabije.

Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha valve z'umupira zikoreshwa ahantu hateye akaga

Vali z'umupira zagenewe ahantu hateje akaga zikoreshwa cyane muri:

• Sisitemu za peteroli na gaze zo mu majyaruguru, hagati, n'izo mu majyepfo

• Inganda zitunganya imiti n'ibikomoka kuri peteroli

• Ibikoresho byo gucunga LNG na LPG

• Interineti zo mu mazi

• Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'uburyo bwo gucunga ibikoresho byinshi

• Irangi, imiti ivangwa n'ibintu bishongesha, n'imiti

Muri ubu buryo, kwangirika kwa valve bishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye by’umutekano, bigatuma amabwiriza akwiye ya valve aba ari ngombwa.

Uburyo bwo Guhitamo Valve y'umupira ikwiye ahantu hashobora guteza akaga

Mu guhitamo valve y'umupira yo gukoresha mu kaga, tekereza ku bintu bikurikira:

Ibisabwa mu mikorere

• Igitutu n'ubushyuhe

• Ubwoko bw'ibice (gaze, amazi, ibitonyanga)

• Kuba hari ibintu byangiza cyangwa bitera kwangirika

Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'ibyago

• Ibisabwa mu gace / Icyiciro / Itsinda

• Impamyabushobozi zisabwa (ATEX, IECEx, UL, nibindi)

Imiterere ya Valve

• Igishushanyo mbonera cy'urukuta rurerure cyangwa rushyizwe ku rukuta

• Ibisabwa mu kwirinda inkongi y'umuriro no kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere

• Gukora n'intoki cyangwa mu buryo bwikora

Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko n'inyandiko

• Impamyabumenyi z'ikizamini

• Uburyo bwo gukurikirana ibintu

• Inyandiko z'ubuziranenge n'igenzura

Guhitamo valve ihura na zo zombiibisabwa mu mikorere n'amahame ngenderwaho agengani ingenzi kugira ngo umutekano n'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko bigerweho igihe kirekire.

Amahame Ngenderwaho n'Impamyabumenyi Bijyanye Nabyo

Avali z'umupira zikoreshwa ahantu hateye akaga zikunze kubahiriza ibi bikurikira:

• Amabwiriza ya ATEX (2014/34/EU)

• Gahunda yo kwemeza IECEx

• API 607 ​​/ API 6FA(Isuzuma ry'inkongi y'umuriro)

• ISO 15848(Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biva mu guhunga)

• NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156(Serivisi mbi)

Buri gihe genzura neza urwego rw'impamyabumenyi n'uko ikoreshwa ryihariye rikwiriye.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa)

Ese valve zisanzwe z'umupira zikwiriye ahantu hateje akaga?

Oya. Avali zisanzwe z'umupira ubusanzwe ntiziba zifite imiterere irwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere, imiterere idahungabanya umuriro, ndetse n'imikorere yemewe isabwa mu bidukikije biteje akaga.

Ese valve zose z’umupira zigomba gukoreshwa mu gace kateje akaga zikenera ibikoresho birwanya guturika?

Valve zikora ku buryo bwikora gusa zikenera actuators zirinda guturika cyangwa zifite imiterere y’impanuka. Valve zikora ku maboko ziracyakeneye imikorere irinda umuriro kandi irinda kwangirika.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y’icyemezo cya ATEX na IECEx?

ATEX ni amabwiriza y’i Burayi, mu gihe IECEx ari gahunda mpuzamahanga yo gutanga icyemezo. Byombi bireba umutekano w’ibikoresho mu kirere giturika, ariko kwemerwa biterwa n’amategeko y’akarere.

Ni kangahe valves z’aho ibintu bishobora guteza akaga zigomba gusuzumwa?

Inshuro zo kugenzura ziterwa n'uburemere bwa serivisi, ariko igenzura n'isukura biracyasabwa cyane kugira ngo habeho ko amategeko ahoraho akurikizwa kandi agatekana n'umutekano.

Umwanzuro

Vali z'umupira zikoreshwa ahantu hateje akaga zigombaigishushanyo cyihariye, ibice byemejwe, no kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga mu buryo bwimbitse. Binyuze mu gushyiramo ibintu birwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere, imiterere idashira mu nkongi, uburyo bwo kwirinda guturika, n'ibikoresho bikomeye, izi valve zishobora gukora neza mu nganda zimwe na zimwe zikenera cyane.

Ku bahanga mu by’ubwubatsi, ba rwiyemezamirimo ba EPC, n’abashinzwe gutanga amasoko, gusobanukirwa uburyo bal valves zikoreshwa ahantu hashobora guteza akaga ni ingenzi kugira ngo hakorwe amahitamo y’aba bal valves amenyerewe, yujuje ibisabwa kandi ahendutse.