Valves ebyiri zikora neza cyane: Gutunganya umutekano w'inkongi no kudasohoka neza mu miyoboro ikomeye y'ibikorwa

Intangiriro

Mu gutunganya imiti igezweho, gutunganya peteroli na gaze, ndetse no mu miyoboro ikomeye y’inganda, gukenera uturindantoki duto kandi tworoheje byatumye habaho impinduka zikomeye mu bijyanye n’imiterere. Uturindantoki n’uturindantoki tw’umupira kuva kera byari amahitamo ya buri gihe yo kuzimya cyane, ariko uburemere bwabyo, ingano y’ibahasha, n’ikiguzi cyo gukoresha ku bunini bw’umurambararo w’ibice binini bigaragaza imbogamizi nyazo mu bukungu. Igisubizo cy’inganda cyabayevalve y'ibinyugunyugu ikora neza cyane.

Muri ibi,valve y'ibinyugunyugu ifite imiterere ibiri idasanzwe—izwi kandi nka valve y’ibinyugunyugu ifite ubushobozi bwo gufunga ibintu bibiri—yabaye ihame ry’ubuhanga mu gukoresha ingufu nyinshi, ubushyuhe bukabije, n’ibintu bihindagurika. Iyo ikoreshejwe mu bidukikije biteje akaga bya hydrocarbon, gushyiramo ikoranabuhanga ryo gufunga rishobora kwemezwa mu buryo butaziguye si amahitamo; ni itegeko rigamije kubahiriza amategeko rigamije kurinda abakozi no gukumira ibyago bikomeye byo mu nganda zitunganya ibintu.

1. Ishusho y'imiterere y'impande ebyiri (Double Offset)

Udupira tw’ibinyugunyugu dusanzwe—aho umugozi unyura hagati ya disiki n’intebe—tugira ikibazo cyo gukoranaho no gukururana cyane mu gihe cyose cyo kuzenguruka kwa dogere 90. Ibi bituma intebe isharira vuba, ikavunika ahantu runaka, kandi imbaraga zayo zigahinduka nyinshi.

Valve y'ikinyugunyugu ifite imiterere ibiri idafite aho ihuriye ikemura iki kibazo cyo gukururana binyuze mu buryo bubiri butandukanye bwo gutandukanya ibintu:

Itsinda rya mbere ry'inyuma: Umugozi ushyirwa inyuma y'umurongo wo gufunga w'intebe ya valve. Ibi bituma disiki ikomeza gufunga ku mupaka wose wa dogere 360.

Kugabana kwa kabiri: Umugozi unyura hagati y'umurongo wo hagati w'umuyoboro w'amazi.

Ingaruka za Camming

Ubwo buryo bubiri bwo gufunga bukora icyo injeniyeri yita igikorwa kimeze nka kamera. Iyo valve itangiye gufunguka, disiki iva mu ntebe mu gihe cy'izunguruka rya 1° kugeza kuri 3° rya mbere. Ku ngendo za valve hafi 95%, ntaho ihurira na disiki n'intebe. Gushyuha biragabanuka, imbaraga zo gukora ziragabanuka, kandi igihe cyo gukora cy'intebe zoroshye za elastomer cyangwa polymer—nk'iya PTFE na RTFE—kirarushaho kwiyongera.

Amakuru y’aho ibintu biherereye agaragaza ko utubati tw’ibinyugunyugu twicaye neza dukunze kugira imyaka 15 kugeza kuri 20 yo gukora mu buryo buri hagati y’umuvuduko uringaniye, hamwe n’imiterere imwe n’imwe irenga ukwezi kwa miliyoni 1. Kugabanuka kw’imitsi yo gukururana bivuze kandi ko ubwinshi bw’igihe cyo kubungabunga—igihe cyo kwicaraho utubati akenshi kiba kirekire inshuro eshatu kugeza kuri eshanu ugereranyije n’igihe cyo gukora imiterere imwe y’utubati.

2. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'intebe zirinda inkongi y'umuriro

Mu nganda zitunganya peteroli n'imiti, ibice by'imiyoboro bigomba kugumana ubuziranenge bwo kuziba kabone n'iyo byaba byarafashwe n'inkongi y'umuriro yuzuye. Kugira ngo umuntu agere ku rwego rwo kwirinda inkongi y'umuriro nyayo bisaba imiterere yihariye y'imyanya ibiri.

Imiterere y'intebe irinda umuriro irimo ibintu bibiri byo gufunga bikora ku buryo bukurikiranye:

Imikorere Isanzwe (Ifite Agakoresho Koroshye):

Mu mikorere isanzwe, intebe ya PTFE, RTFE, cyangwa Devlon ikomeye ikora nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi gifunga, gihuza neza n'inkombe ya disiki kugira ngo ihagarike neza nk'uko bisabwa na API 598 cyangwa ISO 5208 Rate A. Muri ubu buryo, valve igera ku musaruro wa zeru.

Guhura n'umuriro (Icyuma gifunga):

Iyo ubushyuhe bw'ikirere burenze hafi 540°C (1.000°F) mu gihe cy'umuriro w'imashini, intebe yoroshye y'ibanze irakoroha, irabora, amaherezo igashya. Kuri iyi ngingo, intebe y'icyuma ya kabiri ipakiye mbere—ubusanzwe ikorwa muri Inconel 718 cyangwa 625—ihita ihinduka munsi y'umuvuduko w'umurongo hanyuma igafunga ku nkombe ya disiki, bigashyiraho uruzitiro rw'icyuma kuva ku cyuma kugera ku cyuma. Hari igishushanyo mbonera gikoresha intebe y'ibanze ya RPTFE ifite kopi ya Inconel 625, ifite amanota ya API 607 ​​6th Edition.

Iyi nzitizi ya kabiri hagati y’icyuma n’icyuma igenzura ko ikurikiza amabwiriza akomeye yo gupima inkongi harimo API 607 ​​na ISO 10497 (yahoze ari BS 6755 Igice cya 2). API 607 ​​isaba ko valve ifungurwa (ifungurwa kandi igafungwa) mu gihe cyo gupima inkongi kugira ngo harebwe ko imikorere yayo ikomeza gukora mu gihe iri mu muriro. Isuzuma rishyira valve kuri 750–1.000°C mu gihe cy’iminota 30, hamwe n’aho amazi asohoka agenwa haba mu gihe cyo gushyuha no mu gihe cyo gukonjesha nyuma y’inkongi.

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko icyemezo cyo kwirinda inkongi kireba igishushanyo mbonera cy’ingufu, atari iy’ingufu ku giti cyazo. Iyo igishushanyo mbonera gitsinze ikizamini cya API 607, ingufu zose zo muri uwo muryango w’igishushanyo mbonera zihabwa icyemezo nta suzuma ry’inkongi ku giti cyazo.

3. Valve z'ibinyugunyugu zikora neza cyane ugereranije n'izisanzwe

Abashinzwe amasoko basuzuma imiterere y’ibikoresho by’ingenzi rimwe na rimwe bagerageza gushyiraho uburyo bwo gushyiramo utubati tw’utuguru duto tworoshye gukoresha. Ariko, imiyoboro ifite umuvuduko mwinshi kandi ikomeye isaba imbaraga za mashini za valve y’utuguru duto.

API 641, yasohotse bwa mbere mu 2016, igenzura igeragezwa ry’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku mavali yo mu bwoko bwa "quarter-turn" arimo ubwoko bw’ibinyugunyugu, umupira, n’udupira. Itanga imikorere 610 ya mekanike n’imikorere itatu y’ubushyuhe, hamwe n’ibipimo bya "dynamic" n’ibipimo bita "static".

4. Ingano y'ibikoresho bya Actuator n'ingaruka ku giciro

Kubera ko imiterere y’ingufu ebyiri ikuraho uburyaryate bwo gukurura buri mu miterere y’ingufu, ihindura cyane imiterere ya torque ya valve.

Muri valve y'ibinyugunyugu ifite imiterere ibiri, torque y'umuvuduko iba gusa mu gihe cy'ifungwa rya nyuma rya 5°—ibyo abahanga bitaimbaraga zo kwicaraho.Umuvuduko wo gukora—ingufu zisabwa kugira ngo disiki igende mu gice gisigaye cy’izunguruka—uri hasi cyane.

Ku bijyanye n'imirongo yikora, iyi miterere y'umuvuduko itanga inyungu zikomeye mu bukungu:

• Ibikoresho bito bikoresha actuators: Ushobora kugabanya moteri zikoresha umwuka cyangwa moteri zikoresha amashanyarazi menshi ku kigero cya 20% kugeza kuri 35% ugereranije na vali y'umupira cyangwa vali y'umugozi idasobanutse neza. Hari amakuru avuga ko torque isabwa ku kigero cya 30% kugeza kuri 50% munsi y'ivali z'ikinyugunyugu zo hagati.

•Igabanuka ry'ikirenge: Actuators nto zihindura uburemere bworoshye bwo gusimbuka no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gushyigikira imiyoboro.

•Ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nke: Imashini zikora amashanyarazi zisubiza umwuka mu kirere (pneumatic spring-return actuators) zikenera ingano nto y'umwuka ugenzurwa, bigabanya umutwaro rusange w'ibikoresho ku masitasiyo ya compressor.

Inzira ngiro yo guhitamo actuator: niba valve ifite torque ya 80 Nm ikenewe, actuator igomba kuba ifite ingano ya 100 Nm cyangwa irenga, hagakoreshwa uburyo bwo kwirinda. Imiterere y'ibishushanyo mbonera bibiri bidafite torque bivuze ko iyi torque ishobora gukoreshwa ku gice gito kurusha uko byakenerwa kuri valve ifite centric.

5. Guhitamo ibikoresho n'ibyo ugomba gushyira mu bikorwa

Uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bitandukanye bw'iyi valve y'ibinyugunyugu ifite imiterere ibiri idasanzwe bugera ku buryo butandukanye bwo kuyikoresha, iyo ibikoresho bitoranijwe neza.

Ibikoresho by'umubiri:

Amahitamo asanzwe arimo icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gishyushye, icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gishongeshejwe (WCB), n'icyuma kitagira umugese (CF8M). Ku bijyanye na serivisi z'uburozi n'amazi yo mu nyanja, hari aloyi zikozwe mu cyuma gishyushye cyane (super duplex) na nikeli.

Amahitamo y'intebe:

Intebe zoroshye (PTFE, RTFE, Devlon) zifunga neza mu buryo busanzwe. Intebe z'icyuma (Inconel, Stellite) zongerera ubushyuhe ubushyuhe kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 600 kandi ntizishobora gushya.

Ibikoresho bya Disiki:

Amahitamo atandukanye kuva ku cyuma gikozwe muri epoxy-coated ductile iron kugeza kuri SS304, SS316, na duplex iron.

Ku bijyanye no gukoresha urutare rusa nabi—nk'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ivu ry'umukungugu, cyangwa bauxite—imiterere ibiri idasanzwe itanga inyungu kurusha valves zihamye kuko imikorere ya disiki itwara ibyuma biva mu gice cyo gufunga, bigagabanya imitego y'uduce duto no kwangirika kw'intebe. Ku bijyanye no gukoresha LNG ikozwe mu buryo bwihariye, ibikoresho byavuwe neza n'uburyo bwo gukonjesha mu buryo bwizewe bituma ikora neza kugeza kuri -196°C.

Gukorana na NSW: Icyizere cy'Ubwubatsi

Waba urimo gukora uruganda rutunganya peteroli, urubuga rwo gucukura mu mazi, cyangwa igikoresho cy’ingenzi cyo gutunganya imiti, guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gushyiraho valve bigena igihe kirekire cyo gukora n’imikorere y’umutekano w’inganda.

Muri NSW VALVE COMPANY (nswvalve.com), dukora valve z’ibinyugunyugu zifite icyemezo cya API 607, zirinda umuriro, kandi zifite imiterere ibiri idasanzwe yakozwe ku buryo bunoze cyane. Inganda zacu zikora zikurikiza ISO zikoresha uburyo buhamye bwo kumenya ibintu (PMI), gusuzuma ibintu bitangiza (NDE), no gutunganya neza CNC kugira ngo zitange valve zifite ubushobozi bwo gusohora nta gusohoka, imbaraga nke zo gukora, kandi zigatuma zitagaragara neza mu buryo bw’ibyuma.

Dutanga imiterere itandukanye y’intebe—izicaye neza kugira ngo zifungwe neza, izidashyuha cyane kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu buryo bwa hydrocarbon, n’izicaye mu byuma kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu bushyuhe bwinshi—zose ziboneka hamwe n’ibikoresho by’intoki, ibikoresho, umwuka cyangwa amashanyarazi.

Vugana n'itsinda ryacu ry'abahanga kurinswvalve.comuyu munsi kugira ngo wohereze impapuro zawe z'amakuru, uganire ku miterere yihariye y'imashini zikoze mu buryo bwa alloy (nka Super Duplex cyangwa Monel), cyangwa usabe raporo zacu zemewe z'ibizamini bya API 607.

Imbonerahamwe z'Ubuhanga

•API 607: Ikizamini cy'umuriro ku mavaluve n'amavaluve ya buri kimwe cya kane afite intebe zitari iz'icyuma

•API 609: Valves z'ibinyugunyugu: Ifite imiterere ibiri, ubwoko bwa Lug na Wafer

•API 641: Isuzuma ry'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bya Fugitive kuri Valves za Quarter-Turn

•ISO 10497: Ibisabwa ku igeragezwa ry'ubwoko bw'umuriro kuri valves

•ISO 15848-1: Valves z'inganda—Inzira zo gupima, gupima no kwemeza imyuka ihumanya ikirere ituruka ku guhunga

•ASME B16.34: Valves—Impera zometseho, zikozwe mu migozi, n'izisudira