Ibisobanuro n'isesengura rya Valve y'umupira igenda mu maboko

Intangiriro: Ikoranabuhanga rya Sisitemu za none zo Gukoresha Imiyoboro

Mu isi nini kandi igoye yo kugenzura amazi mu nganda, ibice bike ni byo bizwi cyane kandi by'ingenzi nk'ukoValve y'umupiraMuri byo, valve y'umupira igendanwa igaragara nk'igisubizo cy'ibanze kandi cyizewe cyane cyo gukoresha mu gufungura no gufunga. Kuva yakoreshwa cyane mu myaka ya 1950, iyi valve yahindutse icyiciro gikomeye, ihabwa agaciro kubera ko yoroshye, ikora neza, kandi ikora neza. Ikora mu buryo bworoshye bwo guhindukira igice kimwe cy'umukono cyangwa ipine y'intoki, itanga ikimenyetso gisobanutse cy'uko imeze - ifunguye cyangwa ifunze. Iyi mfashanyigisho yuzuye ireba cyane valve y'umupira igendanwa igendanwa, isuzuma imikorere yayo y'imbere, ibikoresho, ibyiza, ikoreshwa, n'ibipimo by'ingenzi byo guhitamo kugira ngo bigufashe gusobanukirwa impamvu ikomeje kuba amahitamo meza ku bahanga mu nganda nyinshi.

Igice cya 1: Gusobanukirwa imiterere y'ibanze n'amahame ngenderwaho y'imikorere

1.1 Valve y'umupira ikoreshwa mu manual ni iki?

Igitabo cy'amabwirizaValve y'umupira irerembani ubwoko bwa valve ihindura ikirere ikoresha umupira udafite icyobo, urimo imyobo, kandi uzunguruka kugira ngo ugenzure urujya n'uruza rw'amazi anyuramo. Imiterere "igenda" ni ikintu cy'ingenzi gitandukanya. Muri ubu buryo, umupira ntuba ufatanye neza n'igiti. Ahubwo, ushobora kureremba gato hagati y'impeta ebyiri zometse.

1.2 Uburyo bwo "Kureremba": Kureba neza

Ubuhanga bw'ubushobozi bwayo bwo gufunga buri muri iki gikorwa cyo kureremba. Dore isesengura ry'intambwe ku yindi ry'imikorere:

1. Mu mwanya ufunguye:Iyo urukiramende cyangwa lever bihinduriwe kugira ngo bifungure valve, umwobo w'umupira uhura neza n'aho valve yinjira n'aho isohoka, bigatuma inzira y'amazi igororotse kandi idakingiye igabanya kugabanuka k'umuvuduko.

2. Gutangiza Gufunga:Iyo umukoresha atangiye gufunga valve (ubusanzwe izunguruka dogere 90), uruti ruzunguruka umupira ku buryo icyuho kiba gitambitse ku cyerekezo cy'amazi.

3. Igikorwa cyo Gufunga:Mu ntambwe za nyuma zo gufunga, impeta y'intebe iri hasi igira uruhare runini. Igitutu cy'icyuma ubwacyo gisunika umupira hasi gato ku mpeta y'intebe. Uyu muvuduko wa mashini, hamwe n'uburyo ibikoresho by'intebe (nka PTFE) bikomera, bitanga umupfundikizo ukomeye kandi ufunganye. Uko umuvuduko wa sisitemu uba mwinshi, niko imbaraga zisunika umupira ku ntebe ziyongera, bityo umupfundikizo wongera imbaraga. Ibi bizwi nka "umupfundikizo ufasha".

1.3 Igishushanyo mbonera cy'agace k'imvange: Kizewe kandi nta gusohoka kw'amazi

Uruti rw'umupira ugenda hejuru rwubatswe ku buryo bwo kwizerwa. Rufite igice cyakozwe neza gihuye n'umwanya uri muri uwo mupira. Icy'ingenzi ni uko uru ruti rwagenewe gusazungurukakandi ntizamuka cyangwa ngo imanuka. Iyi miterere ikuraho kugenda kw'imirongo ishobora kwangiza vuba inkingi. Byongeye kandi, igishushanyo cya "reverse seal" gikunze gushyirwa munsi y'igiti, aho kwiyongera k'umuvuduko uri hagati birushaho gukanda igipfundikizo, bigatuma amazi y'igipfundikizo adashoboka cyane.

Igice cya 2: Ibice by'ingenzi n'uburyo bwo guhitamo ibikoresho

Imikorere n'igihe kirekire cy'ingufu igenda ihindagurika mu buryo bw'intoki bigenwa n'ibikoresho byakoreshejwe mu iyubakwa ryayo.

2.1 Umupira: Umutima w'agapira

• Ibikoresho:Ubusanzwe imipira ikorwa mu bikoresho bikomeye nka AISI 304 cyangwa 316 icyuma kidashonga kugira ngo kidakomeretsa. Ku bikoresho bidasaba imbaraga nyinshi, umuringa ukozwe muri chrome cyangwa icyuma cya karuboni bishobora gukoreshwa.

• Kurangiza ubuso:Umupira ukunze kuba wambaye chrome cyangwa ukozwe mu buryo bukomeye kugira ngo utange ubuso bworoshye, burambye kandi budashyuha cyane, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi kugira ngo intebe irambe.

2.2 Intebe: Urufunguzo rw'Ikimenyetso Gikomeye cy'Ibirungo

Impeta z'intebe zishobora kuba ari zo zikenewe cyane mu kuzifunga. Valve zigezweho zikoresha ubwoko butandukanye bwa polimeri zigezweho:

• PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene):Igipimo cya zahabu gikoreshwa cyane. Gitanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ibinyabutabire, ubushobozi bwo gukururana buke cyane, kandi gishobora gutuma habaho gufunga gufunga neza. Ubwoko nka Reinforced PTFE (RPTFE) butanga imbaraga nziza za mekanike no kudakora neza.

• Nylon na DEVLON:Ibi bikoresho bitanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya kwangirika neza no gukomera mu buryo bwa mekanike, bigatuma biba byiza gukoreshwa mu gukoresha utubumbe cyangwa uduce duto tw’ingenzi.

• PEEK (Polyether Ether Ketone):Plastike y'ubuhanga ikora neza cyane ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije n'imiti ikaze cyane. Ikoreshwa mu bikorwa bigoye cyane.

2.3 Igiti: Gutuma Torque Ikwirakwizwa

Ubusanzwe inkingi zikozwe mu cyuma kitagira umugese (urugero, 17-4PH) kubera imbaraga zacyo no kurwanya ingese. Irangi ryiza ry'ubuso ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'inkingi.

2.4 Umubiri: Imiterere y'imiterere

Ibikoresho by'umubiri bitoranywa hashingiwe ku muvuduko, ubushyuhe, n'ubushyuhe bw'icyuma gikoreshwa mu gutwika.

• Ibikoresho Bisanzwe:Icyuma cya Karuboni (WCB), Icyuma Kidasembuye (CF8/304, CF8M/316), Umuringa, n'Ibyuma Bidasembuye Duplex byo mu bidukikije bifite chloride nyinshi.

• Guhagarika guhuza:Valve ziza zifite imigozi (NPT, BSP), flanged (ANSI, DIN), cyangwa socket weld impera kugira ngo zihuze n'ibisabwa bitandukanye bya sisitemu yo gufunga imiyoboro.

Igice cya 3: Ibyiza n'imbogamizi by'igishushanyo cy'umupira urembera

3.1 Ibyiza: Kuki wahitamo Valve y'umupira igenda mu mazi?

• Ikimenyetso cyiza cyane:Itanga uburyo bwo kuzimya neza kandi buhamye, ari ingenzi cyane ku mutekano no ku busugire bw'imikorere.

• Igishushanyo gito kandi cyoroshye:Imiterere yayo yoroshye ituma yoroha, ihendutse, kandi yoroshye kuyishyiraho no kuyibungabunga.

• Igikorwa cyihuse:Guhindukira byoroshye kuri dogere 90 bituma umuntu afungura kandi agafunga vuba.

• Torque nke kandi yoroshye kuyikoresha:Imiterere yo kwisiga y'intebe za PTFE ituma zikora neza nta gukoresha imbaraga nyinshi.

• Ubushobozi bwo gukoresha imbuga nyinshi:Nubwo valve z'ibice bibiri ari rusange, imiterere y'ibice bitatu n'imiterere y'ibice bitatu (L-port, T-port) bitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo guhindura cyangwa kuvanga imiyoboro y'amazi.

• Gusana Gake:Kubera ko nta buryo bugoye bw'imbere kandi nta gufunga kw'imizingo ikomeye, izi valves ntizikenera kwitabwaho cyane.

• Uburyo bwo gufunga burundu:Itanga inzira y'amazi nta mbogamizi, bigatuma umuvuduko wayo ugabanuka cyane, ikaba ari nziza cyane mu gukoresha amazi afite umuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa mu gukora ingurube.

3.2 Inzitizi: Igihe cyo Gutekereza ku Bundi Buryo

• Imbogamizi z'igitutu n'ingano:Igishushanyo mbonera cyo kureremba bivuze ko umupira uhagaze ku ntebe. Mu gihe ukoreshwa ku gitutu kinini cyane cyangwa mu bunini (urugero, hejuru ya santimetero 16 z'icyiciro cya 150), imbaraga ku ntebe zishobora kuba nyinshi, bigatuma imbaraga zikora cyane ndetse n'intebe zishobora kwangirika. Muri ibi bihe,valve y'umupira ifite trunnionni byiza cyane.

• Serivisi yo Gufungura/Gufunga igarukira gusa kuri:Amavali asanzwe yo kuzenguruka ntabwo yagenewe kugenzura neza amazi cyangwa gufungana. Kuyakoresha mu gihe kirekire ashobora gutera gucika intege, kwangirika no kwangirika kw'intebe itaragera. Ku bijyanye no kuyagenzura,Valve y'umupira ifite urukiramende rwa Vni amahitamo akwiye.

Igice cya 4: Ikoreshwa ry'inganda mu nzego zose

Uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha valve y'umupira igendanwa ikoreshwa n'intoki butuma ikoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye:

• Peteroli na Gazi:Ikoreshwa mu bikorwa byo hejuru no hagati bya peteroli, gazi, n'imiyoboro y'amazi aho bisaba kuzimya cyane.

• Ibinyabutabire na peterolikemike:Ikora ku bwoko butandukanye bwa aside, alkali, n'ibintu bishongesha, bitewe n'ubudahangarwa bwa PTFE n'ibyuma bitagira umugese.

• Amazi n'amazi yanduye:Ni nziza cyane mu gukwirakwiza amazi meza, inganda zitunganya amazi, no gucunga imyanda bitewe n’uko zirwanya ingese kandi zikaba zifite ubushobozi bwo gusohora amazi yose.

• Ingufu zikoreshwa mu gutanga amashanyarazi:Iboneka mu buryo bwo gukonjesha amazi, imiyoboro y'amazi akoreshwa mu mazi, ndetse no mu nganda zisanzwe n'izikoresha ingufu za kirimbuzi.

• Imiti n'Ibyokurya n'Ibinyobwa:Imiterere y'isuku ifite imbere hasukuye kandi ikurikije amabwiriza ya FDA / USP Class VI ikoreshwa mu kohereza amazi asukuye.

• HVAC:Ikoreshwa mu gushyushya no gukonjesha amazi mu buryo bwo kuyatandukanya.

Igice cya 5: Inzira yo Guhitamo: Uburyo bwo Guhitamo Valve Ikwiye

Guhitamo valve ikwiye yo gupima umupira ikoreshwa n'intoki ni ingenzi cyane ku mikorere myiza n'umutekano wa sisitemu. Tekereza kuri ibi bintu:

1. Hagati:Ni iki gitembabuzi kirimo kugenzurwa? Reba imiterere yacyo, ubushyuhe, ndetse niba kirimo ibintu bitera uburyaryate cyangwa ibintu bikomeye.

2. Igipimo cy'umuvuduko n'ubushyuhe:Menya neza ko urwego rw'umuvuduko wa valve (urugero, ANSI 150, 300) n'ubushyuhe bihuye n'imikorere ya sisitemu yawe.

3. Guhuza ibikoresho:Huza umubiri, umupira, intebe, n'ibikoresho by'igitereko n'ibikoresho byo mu gitereko kugira ngo hirindwe ingese no kwangirika.

4. Guhagarika guhuza:Hitamo imigozi (NPT / BSP), imigozi, cyangwa imigozi yo gusudira ishingiye kuri sisitemu yawe yo gufunga imiyoboro.

5. Ubwoko bw'imbobo:

   • Umuyoboro wuzuye (Umuyoboro wuzuye):Umurambararo w'umuyoboro uhura n'ikimenyetso cy'umuyoboro. Koresha iyo urimo kugabanuka guke k'umuvuduko, amazi afite viscous, cyangwa aho bikenewe ko ukoresha imiyoboro.

   • Umuyoboro wagabanutse (Umuyoboro wagabanutse):Imbobo ni ntoya ugereranyije n'umuyoboro w'amazi. Ubu ni uburyo buhendutse kandi buciriritse mu bikorwa rusange aho kugabanya umuvuduko byemewe.

6. Igishushanyo mbonera cy’inkongi y’umuriro:Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho bishobora gutera inkongi y'umuriro, garagaza valves zikurikiza amabwiriza ya API 607/API 6FA, zemeza ko valve ishobora kugumana agapfundikizo kabone n'iyo intebe zoroshye zangizwa n'umuriro.

7. Igishushanyo mbonera cya Antistatic:Kugira ngo hirindwe ko amashanyarazi adahindagurika yiyongera mu rujya n'uruza rw'amazi ya hydrocarbon, valve zishobora gushyirwaho uburyo bwo gusohora amazi butuma amashanyarazi ahoraho hagati y'umupira, uruti n'umubiri.

Igice cya 6: Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyiraho, gukoresha no kubungabunga

• Gushyiramo:Nubwo izi valve muri rusange ziba mu cyerekezo cy’imirongo ibiri, ni byiza kuzishyiraho hamwe n’umuzingo utambitse. Kuzishyiraho hamwe n’umuzingo uhagaze, cyane cyane mu bunini bunini, bishobora gushyira umutwaro utaringaniye ku muzingo n’intebe. Menya neza ko umuyoboro usukuye mbere yo kuwushyiraho kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika kw’imyanda.

• Imikorere:Koresha valve neza kandi ntukoreshe imbaraga nyinshi. Valve igomba kuba ifunguye neza cyangwa ifunze neza. Irinde kuyikoresha nk'imashini igenzura.

• Gusana:Imiterere y'umubiri w'ibice bitatu ni inyungu ikomeye. Bituma byoroshye kuyikura mu muyoboro kugira ngo igenzurwe cyangwa ihindurwe intebe nta kubangamira imiyoboro, bigabanya cyane igihe cyo kuyisana.

Umwanzuro

 

Valve y'umupira ugendanwa n'intoki ni ubuhanga buhanitse mu buhanga bufatika. Ihame ryayo ryoroshye ariko rifite akamaro kanini, hamwe n'ubumenyi buhanitse bw'ibikoresho, ryakomeje kuba inkingi y'ingenzi mu micungire y'amazi ku isi yose. Basobanukiwe imiterere yayo, ibyiza byayo, imbogamizi zayo, n'amabwiriza akwiye yo kuyikoresha, injeniyeri n'abatekinisiye bashobora gufata ibyemezo bifatika bigamije kwemeza ko sisitemu ihamye, umutekano, n'imikorere myiza mu myaka iri imbere. Haba mu ruganda rukora imiti, ikigo gitunganya amazi, cyangwa urubuga rwo mu nyanja, iyi valve ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye ikomeje kugaragaza ko ari igisubizo cyizewe kandi cyiza ku mirimo ikomeye yo kwitandukanya.

Ubuyobozi bwuzuye ku mavalufu y'umupira akoreshwa n'intoki: igishushanyo, porogaramu, n'uburyo bwo guhitamo

Intangiriro: Ikoranabuhanga rya Sisitemu za none zo Gukoresha Imiyoboro

Mu isi nini kandi igoye yo kugenzura amazi mu nganda, ibice bike ni byo bikunze gukoreshwa cyane kandi by'ingenzi nka valve y'umupira. Muri byo, valve y'umupira ikoreshwa n'intoki igaragara nk'igisubizo cy'ibanze kandi cyizewe cyane cyo gukoresha no guhagarika. Kuva yakoreshwa cyane mu myaka ya 1950, ubwoko bw'iyi valve bwahindutse icyiciro gikomeye, gihabwa agaciro kubera ko cyoroshye, imikorere myiza, no gukoresha uburyo butandukanye. Ikora mu buryo bworoshye bwo guhindukira igice kimwe cy'umukono cyangwa ipine y'intoki, itanga ikimenyetso cyumvikana cy'uko imeze - ifunguye cyangwa ifunze. Iyi mfashanyigisho yuzuye ireba cyane valve y'umupira ikoreshwa n'intoki, isuzuma imikorere yayo, ibikoresho, ibyiza, ikoreshwa, n'ibipimo by'ingenzi byo guhitamo kugira ngo bigufashe gusobanukirwa impamvu ikomeje kuba amahitamo meza ku bahanga mu nganda zitabarika.

Igice cya 1: Gusobanukirwa imiterere y'ibanze n'amahame ngenderwaho y'imikorere

1.1 Valve y'umupira ikoreshwa mu manual ni iki?
Valve y'umupira ugenda n'intoki ni ubwoko bwa valve igenda izunguruka kimwe cya kane ikoresha umupira urimo imyobo, urimo imyenge, kandi uzunguruka kugira ngo ugenzure urujya n'uruza rw'amazi anyuramo. Imiterere "igenda" ni ikintu cy'ingenzi gitandukanya. Muri ubu buryo, umupira ntuba ufatanye neza n'igiti. Ahubwo, ushobora kureremba gato hagati y'impeta ebyiri zometse.

1.2 Uburyo bwo "Kureremba": Kureba neza
Ubuhanga bw'ubushobozi bwayo bwo gufunga buri muri iki gikorwa cyo kureremba. Dore isesengura ry'intambwe ku yindi ry'imikorere:

1. Mu mwanya ufunguye:Iyo urukiramende cyangwa lever bihinduriwe kugira ngo bifungure valve, umwobo w'umupira uhura neza n'aho valve yinjira n'aho isohoka, bigatuma inzira y'amazi igororotse kandi idakingiye igabanya kugabanuka k'umuvuduko.

2. Gutangiza Gufunga:Iyo umukoresha atangiye gufunga valve (ubusanzwe izunguruka dogere 90), uruti ruzunguruka umupira ku buryo icyuho kiba gitambitse ku cyerekezo cy'amazi.

3. Igikorwa cyo Gufunga:Mu ntambwe za nyuma zo gufunga, impeta y'intebe iri hasi igira uruhare runini. Igitutu cy'icyuma ubwacyo gisunika umupira hasi gato ku mpeta y'intebe. Uyu muvuduko wa mashini, hamwe n'uburyo ibikoresho by'intebe (nka PTFE) bikomera, bitanga umupfundikizo ukomeye kandi ufunganye. Uko umuvuduko wa sisitemu uba mwinshi, niko imbaraga zisunika umupira ku ntebe ziyongera, bityo umupfundikizo wongera imbaraga. Ibi bizwi nka "umupfundikizo ufasha".

1.3 Igishushanyo mbonera cy'agace k'imvange: Kizewe kandi nta gusohoka kw'amazi
Uruti rw'umupira ugenda hejuru rwubatswe ku buryo bwo kwizerwa. Rufite igice cyakozwe neza gihuye n'umwanya uri muri uwo mupira. Icy'ingenzi ni uko uru ruti rwagenewe gusazungurukakandi ntizamuka cyangwa ngo imanuka. Iyi miterere ikuraho kugenda kw'imirongo ishobora kwangiza vuba inkingi. Byongeye kandi, igishushanyo cya "reverse seal" gikunze gushyirwa munsi y'igiti, aho kwiyongera k'umuvuduko uri hagati birushaho gukanda igipfundikizo, bigatuma amazi y'igipfundikizo adashoboka cyane.

Igice cya 2: Ibice by'ingenzi n'uburyo bwo guhitamo ibikoresho

Imikorere n'igihe kirekire cy'ingufu igenda ihindagurika mu buryo bw'intoki bigenwa n'ibikoresho byakoreshejwe mu iyubakwa ryayo.

2.1 Umupira: Umutima w'agapira

• Ibikoresho:Ubusanzwe imipira ikorwa mu bikoresho bikomeye nka AISI 304 cyangwa 316 icyuma kidashonga kugira ngo kidakomeretsa. Ku bikoresho bidasaba imbaraga nyinshi, umuringa ukozwe muri chrome cyangwa icyuma cya karuboni bishobora gukoreshwa.

• Kurangiza ubuso:Umupira ukunze kuba wambaye chrome cyangwa ukozwe mu buryo bukomeye kugira ngo utange ubuso bworoshye, burambye kandi budashyuha cyane, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi kugira ngo intebe irambe.

2.2 Intebe: Urufunguzo rw'Ikimenyetso Gikomeye cy'Ibirungo
Impeta z'intebe zishobora kuba ari zo zikenewe cyane mu kuzifunga. Valve zigezweho zikoresha ubwoko butandukanye bwa polimeri zigezweho:

• PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene):Igipimo cya zahabu gikoreshwa cyane. Gitanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ibinyabutabire, ubushobozi bwo gukururana buke cyane, kandi gishobora gutuma habaho gufunga gufunga neza. Ubwoko nka Reinforced PTFE (RPTFE) butanga imbaraga nziza za mekanike no kudakora neza.

• Nylon na DEVLON:Ibi bikoresho bitanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya kwangirika neza no gukomera mu buryo bwa mekanike, bigatuma biba byiza gukoreshwa mu gukoresha utubumbe cyangwa uduce duto tw’ingenzi.

• PEEK (Polyether Ether Ketone):Plastike y'ubuhanga ikora neza cyane ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije n'imiti ikaze cyane. Ikoreshwa mu bikorwa bigoye cyane.

2.3 Igiti: Gutuma Torque Ikwirakwizwa
Ubusanzwe inkingi zikozwe mu cyuma kitagira umugese (urugero, 17-4PH) kubera imbaraga zacyo no kurwanya ingese. Irangi ryiza ry'ubuso ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'inkingi.

2.4 Umubiri: Imiterere y'imiterere
Ibikoresho by'umubiri bitoranywa hashingiwe ku muvuduko, ubushyuhe, n'ubushyuhe bw'icyuma gikoreshwa mu gutwika.

• Ibikoresho Bisanzwe:Icyuma cya Karuboni (WCB), Icyuma Kidasembuye (CF8/304, CF8M/316), Umuringa, n'Ibyuma Bidasembuye Duplex byo mu bidukikije bifite chloride nyinshi.

• Guhagarika guhuza:Valve ziza zifite imigozi (NPT, BSP), flanged (ANSI, DIN), cyangwa socket weld impera kugira ngo zihuze n'ibisabwa bitandukanye bya sisitemu yo gufunga imiyoboro.

Igice cya 3: Ibyiza n'imbogamizi by'igishushanyo cy'umupira urembera

3.1 Ibyiza: Kuki wahitamo Valve y'umupira igenda mu mazi?

• Ikimenyetso cyiza cyane:Itanga uburyo bwo kuzimya neza kandi buhamye, ari ingenzi cyane ku mutekano no ku busugire bw'imikorere.

• Igishushanyo gito kandi cyoroshye:Imiterere yayo yoroshye ituma yoroha, ihendutse, kandi yoroshye kuyishyiraho no kuyibungabunga.

• Igikorwa cyihuse:Guhindukira byoroshye kuri dogere 90 bituma umuntu afungura kandi agafunga vuba.

• Torque nke kandi yoroshye kuyikoresha:Imiterere yo kwisiga y'intebe za PTFE ituma zikora neza nta gukoresha imbaraga nyinshi.

• Ubushobozi bwo gukoresha imbuga nyinshi:Nubwo valve z'ibice bibiri ari rusange, imiterere y'ibice bitatu n'imiterere y'ibice bitatu (L-port, T-port) bitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo guhindura cyangwa kuvanga imiyoboro y'amazi.

• Gusana Gake:Kubera ko nta buryo bugoye bw'imbere kandi nta gufunga kw'imizingo ikomeye, izi valves ntizikenera kwitabwaho cyane.

• Uburyo bwo gufunga burundu:Itanga inzira y'amazi nta mbogamizi, bigatuma umuvuduko wayo ugabanuka cyane, ikaba ari nziza cyane mu gukoresha amazi afite umuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa mu gukora ingurube.

3.2 Inzitizi: Igihe cyo Gutekereza ku Bundi Buryo

• Imbogamizi z'igitutu n'ingano:Igishushanyo mbonera cyo kureremba bivuze ko umupira uhagaze ku ntebe. Mu gihe ukoreshwa ku gitutu kinini cyane cyangwa mu bunini (urugero, hejuru ya santimetero 16 z'icyiciro cya 150), imbaraga ku ntebe zishobora kuba nyinshi, bigatuma imbaraga zikora cyane ndetse n'intebe zishobora kwangirika. Muri ibi bihe,valve y'umupira ifite trunnionni byiza cyane.

• Serivisi yo Gufungura/Gufunga igarukira gusa kuri:Amavali asanzwe yo kuzenguruka ntabwo yagenewe kugenzura neza amazi cyangwa gufungana. Kuyakoresha mu gihe kirekire ashobora gutera gucika intege, kwangirika no kwangirika kw'intebe itaragera. Ku bijyanye no kuyagenzura,Valve y'umupira ifite urukiramende rwa Vni amahitamo akwiye.

Igice cya 4: Ikoreshwa ry'inganda mu nzego zose

Uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha valve y'umupira igendanwa ikoreshwa n'intoki butuma ikoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye:

• Peteroli na Gazi:Ikoreshwa mu bikorwa byo hejuru no hagati bya peteroli, gazi, n'imiyoboro y'amazi aho bisaba kuzimya cyane.

• Ibinyabutabire na peterolikemike:Ikora ku bwoko butandukanye bwa aside, alkali, n'ibintu bishongesha, bitewe n'ubudahangarwa bwa PTFE n'ibyuma bitagira umugese.

• Amazi n'amazi yanduye:Ni nziza cyane mu gukwirakwiza amazi meza, inganda zitunganya amazi, no gucunga imyanda bitewe n’uko zirwanya ingese kandi zikaba zifite ubushobozi bwo gusohora amazi yose.

• Ingufu zikoreshwa mu gutanga amashanyarazi:Iboneka mu buryo bwo gukonjesha amazi, imiyoboro y'amazi akoreshwa mu mazi, ndetse no mu nganda zisanzwe n'izikoresha ingufu za kirimbuzi.

• Imiti n'Ibyokurya n'Ibinyobwa:Imiterere y'isuku ifite imbere hasukuye kandi ikurikije amabwiriza ya FDA / USP Class VI ikoreshwa mu kohereza amazi asukuye.

• HVAC:Ikoreshwa mu gushyushya no gukonjesha amazi mu buryo bwo kuyatandukanya.

Igice cya 5: Inzira yo Guhitamo: Uburyo bwo Guhitamo Valve Ikwiye

Guhitamo valve ikwiye yo gupima umupira ikoreshwa n'intoki ni ingenzi cyane ku mikorere myiza n'umutekano wa sisitemu. Tekereza kuri ibi bintu:

1. Hagati:Ni iki gitembabuzi kirimo kugenzurwa? Reba imiterere yacyo, ubushyuhe, ndetse niba kirimo ibintu bitera uburyaryate cyangwa ibintu bikomeye.

2. Igipimo cy'umuvuduko n'ubushyuhe:Menya neza ko urwego rw'umuvuduko wa valve (urugero, ANSI 150, 300) n'ubushyuhe bihuye n'imikorere ya sisitemu yawe.

3. Guhuza ibikoresho:Huza umubiri, umupira, intebe, n'ibikoresho by'igitereko n'ibikoresho byo mu gitereko kugira ngo hirindwe ingese no kwangirika.

4. Guhagarika guhuza:Hitamo imigozi (NPT / BSP), imigozi, cyangwa imigozi yo gusudira ishingiye kuri sisitemu yawe yo gufunga imiyoboro.

5. Ubwoko bw'imbobo:

   • Umuyoboro wuzuye (Umuyoboro wuzuye):Umurambararo w'umuyoboro uhura n'ikimenyetso cy'umuyoboro. Koresha iyo urimo kugabanuka guke k'umuvuduko, amazi afite viscous, cyangwa aho bikenewe ko ukoresha imiyoboro.

   • Umuyoboro wagabanutse (Umuyoboro wagabanutse):Imbobo ni ntoya ugereranyije n'umuyoboro w'amazi. Ubu ni uburyo buhendutse kandi buciriritse mu bikorwa rusange aho kugabanya umuvuduko byemewe.

6. Igishushanyo mbonera cy’inkongi y’umuriro:Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho bishobora gutera inkongi y'umuriro, garagaza valves zikurikiza amabwiriza ya API 607/API 6FA, zemeza ko valve ishobora kugumana agapfundikizo kabone n'iyo intebe zoroshye zangizwa n'umuriro.

7. Igishushanyo mbonera cya Antistatic:Kugira ngo hirindwe ko amashanyarazi adahindagurika yiyongera mu rujya n'uruza rw'amazi ya hydrocarbon, valve zishobora gushyirwaho uburyo bwo gusohora amazi butuma amashanyarazi ahoraho hagati y'umupira, uruti n'umubiri.

Igice cya 6: Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyiraho, gukoresha no kubungabunga

• Gushyiramo:Nubwo izi valve muri rusange ziba mu cyerekezo cy’imirongo ibiri, ni byiza kuzishyiraho hamwe n’umuzingo utambitse. Kuzishyiraho hamwe n’umuzingo uhagaze, cyane cyane mu bunini bunini, bishobora gushyira umutwaro utaringaniye ku muzingo n’intebe. Menya neza ko umuyoboro usukuye mbere yo kuwushyiraho kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika kw’imyanda.

• Imikorere:Koresha valve neza kandi ntukoreshe imbaraga nyinshi. Valve igomba kuba ifunguye neza cyangwa ifunze neza. Irinde kuyikoresha nk'imashini igenzura.

• Gusana:Imiterere y'umubiri w'ibice bitatu ni inyungu ikomeye. Bituma byoroshye kuyikura mu muyoboro kugira ngo igenzurwe cyangwa ihindurwe intebe nta kubangamira imiyoboro, bigabanya cyane igihe cyo kuyisana.

Umwanzuro

Valve y'umupira ugendanwa n'intoki ni ubuhanga buhanitse mu buhanga bufatika. Ihame ryayo ryoroshye ariko rifite akamaro kanini, hamwe n'ubumenyi buhanitse bw'ibikoresho, ryakomeje kuba inkingi y'ingenzi mu micungire y'amazi ku isi yose. Basobanukiwe imiterere yayo, ibyiza byayo, imbogamizi zayo, n'amabwiriza akwiye yo kuyikoresha, injeniyeri n'abatekinisiye bashobora gufata ibyemezo bifatika bigamije kwemeza ko sisitemu ihamye, umutekano, n'imikorere myiza mu myaka iri imbere. Haba mu ruganda rukora imiti, ikigo gitunganya amazi, cyangwa urubuga rwo mu nyanja, iyi valve ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye ikomeje kugaragaza ko ari igisubizo cyizewe kandi cyiza ku mirimo ikomeye yo kwitandukanya.