Uburyo bwo gupima umupira wa DBB bwasobanuwe: Impamvu ibyuma bipima umupira wa kabiri bikoreshwa mu kwitandukanya bikomeye

Mu nganda zikora peteroli na gaze, inganda zikora imiti, aho LNG ikorera, no ku nkuta zo mu mazi, kwitandukanya si igikorwa gisanzwe gusa. Ni itegeko ry’umutekano. Mbere yo gutangira kubungabunga ipompo, compressor, igikoresho, cyangwa igice cy’imiyoboro iri munsi y’amazi, abakora bagomba kumenya ko igitutu cyakuweho burundu kandi ko kidashobora gusubira mu gace k’akazi.

Aho nihoValve ya DBBbiba ingenzi.

DBB isobanuraGuhagarika kabiri no kuva amarasoIgitekerezo kirasobanutse: inzitizi ebyiri zigenga zo gufunga zifite aho zihurira n'amaraso hagati yazo. Mu by'ukuri, iyi gahunda iha abakora uburyo bwizewe bwo kugenzura ko bashyizwe mu bwiherero mbere yuko imirimo yo kubungabunga cyangwa kugenzura itangira.

Mu miterere itandukanye ya DBB,valve y'umupira w'amaguru abiriyabaye imwe mu nyishu zikoreshwa cyane kuko ihuza imiterere mito, gufunga neza, no koroshya gushyiraho mu guteranya ibintu hamwe.

Mu buryo bwinshi bugezweho bw'imiyoboro y'amazi, cyane cyane iyo mu mazi cyangwa iyo mu kirere, ubu hifashishijwe imiyoboro ya DBB kurusha gushyiraho imiyoboro ibiri itandukanye irimo imiyoboro y'inyongera hagati yayo.

Valve ya DBB ni iki?

A Valve ya DBBitanga:

• ahantu habiri higenga ho kwitandukanya
• amaraso cyangwa umwuka umwe uhuza hagati yabo

Intego ni iyoroshye. Nyuma y’uko inzitizi zombi zifunzwe, umwobo uri hagati yazo ushobora gusohoka unyuze mu muyoboro w’amaraso. Iyo nta gitutu cyangwa icyuma gisohoka, abakoresha bazi ko imyenge yombi ifata neza.

Iyi ntambwe yo kugenzura ni ingenzi mu mikorere nyayo. Ndetse no kumena gato mu ntebe yashaje bishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye by’umutekano mu gihe cyo kuyisana.

Mu gushyiraho ibikoresho bya kera, imikorere ya DBB yakunze kugerwaho hakoreshejwe:

• valve ebyiri zitandukanye z'umupira
• igice cyo gukurura
• indi valve yo kuva amaraso

Iyo gahunda iracyariho mu bimera byinshi. Ariko, irakomeza:

• urusobe rw'imiyoboro
• imiyoboro y'urukiramende
• uburemere bwo gushyiraho
• ahantu hashobora kuva imyuna hanze

A valve y'umupira w'amaguru abiriihuza uburyo bubiri bw'umupira mu gice kimwe cy'umubiri w'ingufu hamwe n'aho hagati hasohoka amaraso. Sisitemu muri rusange iba nto kandi yoroshye kuyibungabunga.

Ku mishinga yo mu nyanja no muri sisitemu zo gusiganwa ku mapine, kugabanuka kw'umubare w'imiyoboro n'ibice bya flange bishobora kugira itandukaniro rigaragara.

Uburyo Valve y'umupira w'amaguru abiri ikora

Ihame ry'imikorere ntirigoye.

Imbere mu gice cy'umubiri w'imashini harimo imipira ibiri itandukanye ifunze neza. Hagati yayo hari umwobo uhujwe na vali isohoka amaraso.

Iyo umupira wa mbere ufunze, amazi anyura mu kirere arafungwa ku ruhande rwo hejuru. Umupira wa kabiri utanga ikindi kintu cyigenga cyo kuziba inyuma. Gufungura valve y'amaraso hagati yabo birekura umuvuduko ufatiwe kandi bikagaragaza niba ibizingo byombi bikora neza.

Mu miterere nyayo y'inganda, abakora akazi kenshi bakoresha bloed port kugira ngo:

• kugenzura ko umuntu yakwishyira mu kato mbere yo kuyitaho
• itangazamakuru ryafashwe n'imiyoboro y'amazi
• genzura ko intebe yamenetse
• kugabanya umuvuduko mu buryo butekanye mu mwobo

Iyi ni imwe mu mpamvu ituma valve za DBB zikoreshwa cyane mu gutwara abantu mu miyoboro y’amashanyarazi:

• hydrocarbons
• gaze ifite umuvuduko mwinshi
• imiti ihumanya
• iy'hydrogen
• LNG

Valve isanzwe y'umupira umwe ishobora gutandukanya amazi n'amazi, ariko ntabwo itanga urwego rumwe rwo kugenzura.

Imiterere ya Valve y'umupira w'amaguru ibiri izenguruka mu kirere (Floating vs Trunnion)

Si valve zose za DBB zifite umupira w'amaguru abiri zikoresha imiterere imwe y'imbere. Imiterere ibiri ikunze gukoreshwa cyane ni imiterere y'umupira ugenda uhindagurika n'imipira ishyizwe ku giti.

Igishushanyo cy'umupira ureremba

Imiterere y'umupira ureremba ikunze kugaragara mu bunini buto no mu buryo buri hagati y'umuvuduko.

Muri ubu buryo, igitutu cy'umurongo gisunika umupira ku ntebe iri hasi kugira ngo habeho imbaraga zo gufunga. Imiterere yayo ni yoroshye, ibi bifasha kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kuyikora.

Valves zo mu bwoko bwa "floating double ball valves" zikoreshwa cyane muri ibi bikurikira:

• imiyoboro rusange y'ibikorwa
• sisitemu z'amazi
• serivisi ya hydrocarbon ikoresha umuvuduko uringaniye
• porogaramu z'ingirakamaro

Ku buryo bwinshi bw'inganda, imiterere y'amazi irakora neza kandi biroroshye kuyibungabunga.

Ariko, imbaraga zikoreshwa ziyongera uko ingano y'amavali n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi bizamuka. Mu miyoboro minini, ibi biba imbogamizi ifatika.

Igishushanyo mbonera gishyizwe ku giti

Valves ebyiri zishyirwaho na Trunnion zikunze gukoreshwa muri:

• imiyoboro minini y'umurambararo
• sisitemu za gaze zifite umuvuduko mwinshi
• imiterere y'aho hantu mu mahanga
• imimerere igoye ya serivisi

Muri ubu buryo, umupira ushyigikiwe na mashini n'udupira two hejuru n'utwo hasi. Aho kugira ngo umupira werekeze ku ntebe, intebe iteranye yerekeza ku mupira.

Ibi bitanga inyungu nyinshi mu mikorere:

• torque yo gukora iri hasi
• gufunga neza kurushaho mu gihe cy'ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko
• kunoza imikorere mu bunini bunini
• kugenzura neza mu gihe cy'imikorere y'imodoka nyinshi

Ku bijyanye na sisitemu zo mu cyiciro cya 600, 900, 1500, cyangwa zifite umuvuduko mwinshi, valve za DBB zishyirwa ku giti cy'umugozi muri rusange ni zo zikundwa cyane.

Abahanga benshi mu by’imiyoboro y’amazi bahitamo kandi imiterere y’imigozi y’amashanyarazi kuri sisitemu zikora kuko ingano y’imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi irushaho kuba nziza.

Kuki ukoresha value y'umupira w'amaguru ibiri aho gukoresha value ebyiri zitandukanye?

Mu by’ukuri, uturindantoki tubiri dutandukanye dufite aho duhurira n’amaraso dushobora gutanga imikorere ya DBB. Ariko uturindantoki twa DBB duhujwe dutanga inyungu nyinshi zifatika ziba ingenzi mu mishinga nyayo.

Inzira nke zo gusohoka kw'amazi

Buri shyirahamwe ry'urukiramende rituma habaho ikindi gice cyo hanze gishobora kuvamo amazi.

Imiterere gakondo ifite valve ebyiri zitandukanye ikunze gusaba:

• impuzandengo z'inyongera
• gaskets z'inyongera
• ibice byo gukurura
• gukurura cyane

Valve y'umupira w'amaguru ibiri ihuza igabanya umubare w'imiyoboro yo hanze. Ku nyubako nini zifite valve amagana, ibi bigabanya cyane imyuka ishobora guhunga n'imirimo yo kuyisana.

Ibisabwa kugabanya ibiro n'umwanya

Ku mbuga nkoranyambaga zo mu nyanja no ku masosiyete y’ubwubatsi (FPSOs), umwanya ni muto kandi uburemere bw’inyubako bugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku giciro cy’umushinga.

Ba rwiyemezamirimo benshi ba EPC bakoresha valve za DBB zivanze ahanini kubera ko zoroshya imiterere y'imiyoboro kandi zikagabanya uburemere bw'imitako muri rusange.

Ugereranyije n'amatsinda atandukanye ya valve, valve nto ya DBB isanzwe ikenera:

• icyuma gishyigikira bike
• igihe gito cyo gushyiraho
• akazi gake ko gukingira
• gusudira imiyoboro mike

Ku bijyanye na sisitemu zo munsi y'inyanja no ku nkuta zikoresha uburyo bwa modular, igishushanyo mbonera gito gikunze kuba akarusho gakomeye.

Kwemeza Kwishyira mu Kato byoroshye

Imwe mu nyungu zikomeye mu mikorere ni ubushobozi bwo kugenzura vuba ubuziranenge bw'ifungwa.

Nyuma yo gufunga imipira yombi, abakoresha bafungura gusa valve isohora amaraso. Iyo nta gitutu kivuyemo, inzitizi zombi zo kuziba zikora neza.

Iyi gahunda ni yoroshye kandi yihuta kurusha gupima umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi (pressure valves) ebyiri zitandukanye ukwazo.

Mu gihe abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga ibikoresho bakeneye kwemeza byihuse ko bashyizwe mu kato, ibi biba ingirakamaro cyane.

Imiterere y'umubiri w'ibice bitatu ugereranyije n'uw'imbere cyane ugereranyije n'uw'ibice bimwe

Kubaka imiterere y'umubiri bigira ingaruka ku buryo bwo kubungabunga ndetse n'ikiguzi cy'igihe kirekire cyo gukora.

Umubiri w'Ibice Bitatu

Vali eshatu za DBB zikoresha imigozi ifite imigozi ifatanye n'igice cyo hagati.

Iyi miterere yemerera abatekinisiye gukuraho ibice by'imbere badaciye valve mu muyoboro. Mu nganda zitunganya imyanda n'izikora imiti, ibi bishobora kugabanya cyane igihe cyo kuyitunganya.

Kubaka ahantu hatatu ni ibintu bisanzwe aho intebe zigomba gusimburwa rimwe na rimwe.

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'aba mbere

Valve za DBB zo hejuru zemerera ibice byose by'imbere kugeramo uhereye hejuru y'umubiri wa valve.

Iyi miterere ikoreshwa cyane muri:

• sisitemu zo munsi y'inyanja
• imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi
• urubuga rwo hanze y'inyanja
• sisitemu zo gusuka imiyoboro

Igice cy'umuyoboro gikomeza guhuzwa n'umuyoboro mu gihe cyo kuwusana, ibyo bigafasha kugabanya igihe cyo kubura.

Ku mirongo minini y'ubugari bw'ibicuruzwa by'ingenzi, kubaka ahantu ho hejuru ni byo bikunze kuba byiza.

Umubiri w'igice kimwe

Valve za DBB zo mu gice kimwe ni nto kandi zoroshye ariko akenshi ntizishobora gusanwa mu buryo bugaragara.

Bikunze gukoreshwa muri:

• serivisi z'ingirakamaro
• imirongo mito y'ibikorwa
• porogaramu zihendutse

Ku birebana na serivisi ikomeye yo kwishyira mu kato, abakora akazi benshi baracyakunda imiterere y’umubiri ikoreshwa mu kubungabunga.

Valves za DBB zicaye mu buryo bworoshye ugereranije n'iz'icyuma

Guhitamo ibikoresho by'intebe bigira ingaruka kuri ibi bikurikira:

• imikorere y'amazi asohoka
• ubushobozi bwo gushyuha
• kurwanya kwangirika
• ubuzima bwa serivisi

Valves zoroshye

Valves zoroshye zifite umupira w'amaguru ibiri zikunze gukoreshwa:

• PTFE
• PTFE yongerewe imbaraga
• UREBE

Ibi bikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi adakomeye cyane kandi nta mbaraga zigira.

Valve za DBB zoroshye zikoreshwa cyane kuri:

• serivisi ya lisansi
• sisitemu za peteroli
• gutunganya imiti
• ikoreshwa rya hydrogen

Ariko, ibikoresho byoroshye bifite ubushyuhe buke kandi bishobora kwangirika vuba mu gihe cyo gukora ibintu biremereye.

Valves zicaye mu byuma

Valves za DBB zikozwe mu byuma zagenewe:

• sisitemu zikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi
• ibyuma bitera ubukana
• indwara zikomeye z'umuvuduko
• porogaramu zirinda inkongi y'umuriro

Ubuso bw'intebe n'umupira akenshi bipfukwa ku buryo bukomeye hakoreshejwe ibikoresho nka:

• Stellite
• Inconel
• karubide ya tungsten

Ugereranyije n'intebe zoroshye, intebe z'icyuma ziramba neza mu gihe zikora nabi.

Valve nyinshi za DBB zicaye mu cyuma nazo zemejwe ko zifite:

• API 607
• API 6FA

kugira ngo habeho imikorere idahungabanya inkongi y'umuriro.

Aho balve za DBB zikunze gukoreshwa

Valve y'umupira w'amaguru abiri ubu ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitandukanye aho kwishingikiriza ku kwitandukanya ari ingenzi cyane.

Imiyoboro ya peteroli na gaze

Byakoreshejwe muri:

• amasoko y'amazi
• sitasiyo za kompreseri
• sisitemu zo gutangiza ingurube
• imirima y'ibigega by'amazi
• gusimbuka mu buryo bw'imikorere

Abakoresha imiyoboro bakoresha valve za DBB kugira ngo bongere umutekano mu kubungabunga no kugabanya ibyago byo kuva.

Interineti zo mu mahanga na FPSO

Iteraniro rito rya DBB rifasha kugabanya:

• imiyoboro y'amazi icucitse
• uburemere bw'imiterere
• ingorane zo kubungabunga

Valve za DBB zishyirwa ku nkuta zitezweho umuriro zikunze kugaragara ku buryo bwo gukora ibintu mu mazi.

Serivisi ya LNG na Cryogenic

Valve za DBB zikoreshwa mu gupima ubushyuhe bugera kuri -196°C.

Ibikoresho byihariye n'inyubako ya bonnet ndende bifasha mu gukumira ibibazo byo gufunga mu bushyuhe buke.

Sisitemu ya Hydrogen

Molekile za hydrogen ni nto cyane kandi zigoye kuzibikamo.

Valves za DBB zifite uburyo bwo kuziba bufite ireme rihanitse zikoreshwa cyane muri:

• sitasiyo zo kongeramo lisansi ya hydrogen
• sisitemu zo gutwara imyuka ya hydrogen
• imishinga y'ingufu zisukuye

Ibimera bya shimi na peteroli

Ibikoresho bya shimi akenshi bisaba kwitandukanya kabiri kuri:

• ibyuma bihumanya
• ibinyobwa byangiza
• imirongo y'ibikorwa biteza akaga

Uburyo bwo gukurura amaraso butuma amazi asohoka neza kandi bugasuzuma neza igitutu mbere yo kuyasana.

Ibisobanuro by'ingenzi ugomba gusuzuma mbere yo gutumiza

Mu guhitamo valve ya DBB, injeniyeri zisuzuma ibi bikurikira witonze.

Abahanga mu by'imashini bagomba kandi kugenzura imiterere ya valve ikoreshwa mu gusohora amaraso. Mu ihuriro rimwe na rimwe ridafite ubuziranenge, valve ikoreshwa mu gusohora amaraso iba igice cy'intege nke cyane muri sisitemu.

Amakosa akunze kubaho mu gihe uhitamo valve ya DBB

Amakosa menshi mu bijyanye n'imiterere y'inganda agaragara kenshi mu mishinga y'inganda.

Dufashe ko valve zose za DBB ari zimwe

Bimwe mu bicuruzwa bicuruzwa nk'udupira twa DBB bikoresha umupira umwe gusa ufite intebe ebyiri aho gukoresha umupira ibiri wigenga.

Ku bijyanye na serivisi yo kwitandukanya n'abandi mu buryo bw'ingenzi, buri gihe suzuma witonze igishushanyo cy'igice cy'ingufu.

Kwirengagiza umuvuduko w'ubushyuhe mu mwobo

Iyo amazi afashwe hagati y’udupira tubiri dufunze, kwaguka k’ubushyuhe bishobora gutera umuvuduko mwinshi cyane mu mwobo.

Kurinda neza aho umwobo uherereye ni ngombwa.

Guhitamo imiterere mibi y'umubiri

Mu miyoboro ishongeshejwe, gusimbuza valve y'igice kimwe bishobora guhenda kandi bigatwara igihe.

Uburyo bwo kubungabunga bugomba kwitabwaho hakiri kare mu mushinga.

Kureba Ireme rya Valve Ikoresha Amaraso

Iteraniro ry'amaraso rigomba kuba rijyanye n'igipimo cy'umuvuduko n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri w'ingufu.

Ibi bisobanuro rimwe na rimwe byirengagizwa mu gihe cyo gutanga amasoko.

Ibitekerezo bya nyuma

Ku bikoresho by'amashanyarazi bifite umuvuduko muto, valve isanzwe y'umupira umwe ishobora kuba ihagije.

Ariko mu bikorwa birimo:

• itangazamakuru riteza akaga
• umuvuduko mwinshi
• sisitemu zo mu nyanja
• ihererekanya rya gaze
• kwigunga mu buryo bw'ibanze

cyateguwe nezaValve ya DBBitanga igisubizo cyizewe cyane kandi cyizewe.

Itsindavalve y'umupira w'amaguru abiriikomeje kuba imwe mu miterere ya DBB ifatika cyane kuko ihuza:

• gushyiraho ibintu bito
• inzira zo gusohora amazi zagabanutse
• igenzura ryizewe ry’ubwigunge
• byoroshye kubona uburyo bwo kubungabunga

Uko ibisabwa mu by’umutekano bikomeje kwiyongera mu nganda za peteroli na gaze, LNG, hydrogen, na chimique, sisitemu za DBB valves zihujwe zirimo kuba ibisanzwe aho kuba uburyo bwo kuvugurura.

Ku bahanga mu by’ubwubatsi bahitamo valves zo gukora akazi gakomeye, gusuzuma imiterere y’imbere, imiterere y’intebe, igipimo cy’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi, n’uburyo bwo kuzibungabunga akenshi ni ingenzi kuruta kugereranya igiciro cyonyine.