Iyo ukoresha valve zo mu nganda, ibipimo bibiri bihora bigaruka:API 600naASME B16.34Ntabwo zishobora guhindurwa, kandi guhitamo ikosa bishobora gutuma ibiciro byiyongera cyangwa ndetse no kwangirika kwa sisitemu.
Iyi mfashanyigisho ikwereka itandukaniro ry’imiterere, imiterere isanzwe y’akazi, n’ibyiza n’ibibi bya buri gipimo. Amaherezo, uzamenya neza igihe cyo kugenaValve y'irembo ya API 600kandi iyoValve y'irembo ya ASME B16.34ni amahitamo meza kurushaho.
Valve y'irembo ya API 600 ni iki?
API 600 ni igipimo ngenderwaho cy’ibicuruzwa cyashyizwe ahagaragara n’Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe Peteroli. Izina ryacyo ryose ni *Valves z'Irembo ry'Icyuma - Impera zo gusudira zifite flanged na butt, Bonnets zifite bolted*. Yatangiye gutangwa bwa mbere mu 1949, yashinzwe by'umwihariko serivisi zikomeye mu nganda zitunganya peteroli na gaze karemano.
Iri hame rikubiyemo ibyiciro by'umuvuduko kuva ku cyiciro cya 150 kugeza ku cyiciro cya 2500 n'ingano kuva kuri NPS 2 kugeza kuri NPS 48. Risobanura ibisabwa mu buryo bwa tekiniki birenga 20, birimo ibikoresho, ubugari bw'urukuta, umurambararo w'igiti, imikorere yo gufunga, gukomera kw'ubushyuhe buri hasi, n'umutekano mu nkongi y'umuriro. Icyegeranyo giheruka (API STD 600:2021) gishimangira ko hakenewe igishushanyo mbonera cyuzuye, ubugari bw'urukuta rurerure, n'ibice binini by'umurambararo.
Valve y'irembo ya ASME B16.34 ni iki?
ASME B16.34 ni igipimo cy'ibanze cya valve cyashyizweho n'Umuryango w'Abanyamerika w'Abahanga mu by'Ubumenyi bw'Imashini. Gikoreshwa ku mvange zifatanye, zikozwe mu migozi, kandi zisudira z'ubwoko bwose busanzwe - amarembo, umubumbe, icyerekezo, umupira, n'amavalufu y'ibinyugunyugu.
Bitandukanye na API 600, ikorera gusa valves zo mu irembo, ASME B16.34 itanga ibipimo by'ubushyuhe bw'umuvuduko, amatsinda y'ibikoresho (49 muri rusange), formula z'ubugari bw'inkuta, amategeko agenga ibimenyetso, n'ibisabwa mu gupima. Irimo kuva ku cyiciro cya 150 kugeza ku cyiciro cya 4500, kandi ikora ku bushyuhe buri hagati ya -29°C na -500°C, bitewe n'ibikoresho.
Itandukaniro mu miterere y'amavalufu y'irembo ya API 600 na ASME B16.34
Ibipimo byombi bisa mu buryo bwa mbere, ariko imiterere yabyo y'imbere iratandukanye cyane.
Ubunini bw'urukuta
ASME B16.34 isobanura nezaniburaUbugari bw'urukuta bukenewe kugira ngo umuvuduko ukomeze kugabanuka neza. Ibi bituma valves ziguma zoroshye kandi zihendutse.
Ibisabwa na API 600ubunini bw'inkuta burenze urugero– ubusanzwe hafi 20% byiyongereyeho – ibi bikaba bikora nk'uburyo bwo kwishyura ingese. Ibyo byuma by'inyongera byongera igihe cyo gukora mu nganda zitunganya ibintu.
Igishushanyo mbonera cy'igishishwa
API 600 isabaigiti gikomeye kandi gikomeyeifite umurambararo munini ugereranije n'ibipimo rusange. Ibi birinda kunama bitewe n'umuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa iyo agace gafata bitewe n'ubushyuhe cyangwa imyanda.
ASME B16.34 ntishyiraho igiti gikomeye; abakora bashobora guhitamo imiterere yoroshye kurushaho niba ikoreshwa ribibemerera.
Ihuza rya Bonnet
Valve zo mu bwoko bwa API 600 hafi ya zose zikoresha agakoresho gafunga umugozi cyangwa agakoresho gafunga umuvuduko. Ubwoko bw'agakoresho gafunga umuvuduko burushaho gukomera uko umuvuduko w'imbere uzamuka - ni byiza ku bushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi.
ASME B16.34 isiga ubwoko bwa bonnet ifunguye, iha abashushanya ubwisanzure bwinshi.
Ubwoko bwo gufunga
API 600 isabaikirango cy'icyuma kuva ku cyumaifite imiterere ikomeye (urugero, Stellite) ku ntebe no ku kabari. Ibi bikemura ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ibice byuzuyemo uduce.
ASME B16.34 yemerera gufunga byoroshye cyangwa gufunga by'icyuma, bitewe n'imiterere y'uwabikoze.
Ubwoko bw'umugozi n'ingano y'umugozi
Valve zo mu rugi za API 600 hafi ya zose zibayuzuye(umuyoboro wuzuye) kugira ngo bigabanye ubudahangarwa bw'amazi no gukumira kwirundanya kw'imyanda. Ubusanzwe umuyoboro uba ukomeye cyangwa woroshye.
ASME B16.34 yemerera igishushanyo mbonera cy'imirongo igabanyije igihe cyose agace gato k'amazi gahuye n'ibisabwa mu mutekano.
Uburemere rusange
Kubera urukuta ruremereye, igiti kinini, n'ingofero ikomeye,Valve y'irembo ya API 600uburemere bungana na 20% kurushaValve y'irembo ya ASME B16.34ifite ingano imwe n'urwego rumwe rw'igitutu. Iryo tandukaniro ry'uburemere ni ingaruka zitaziguye z'imitekerereze itandukanye y'igishushanyo mbonera.
Imiterere y'akazi – Aho buri gipimo gisumba byose
Serivisi isanzwe ya API 600 Gate Valve
Uzasangamo valve za API 600 gate muri serivisi zikomeye cyane z'inganda:
- Inganda zitunganya peteroli– gucika kw'ibinyabutabire, gucika kw'amazi, n'ibinyabutabire bya coker aho igice cy'amazi kirimo sulfur, hydrocarbons zishyushye cyane, cyangwa catalysts.
- Sisitemu z'umwuka w'umuvuduko mwinshi– hejuru ya 5 MPa (hafi 725 psi), nk'imiyoboro minini y'umwuka mu bigo by'amashanyarazi.
- Urugendo rw'ibintu bikomeye bishyushye cyane– ibinyabutabire bitwara uduce twa coke cyangwa umukungugu wa catalyst.
- Ahantu hakunze kwibasirwa n'inkongi y'umuriro– Intebe y'icyuma itanga umutekano w'inkongi nta cyemezo cy'inyongera.
Serivisi isanzwe ya ASME B16.34 Gate Valve
Vali zo mu rugi za ASME B16.34 zikubiyemo ubwoko bwinshi bw'inganda muri rusange:
- Gutunganya amazi n'amazi meza– icyuma gishyushya gikonje, gisukuye kugeza ku bushyuhe bwa 600 na 425°C.
- Imirongo y'ibikorwa bya chimique– hari amahitamo menshi y’ibikoresho, ariko nta ngaruka z’umutekano ziyongera kuri API 600.
- Sisitemu z'inyongera z'uruganda rw'amashanyarazi– amazi akonje, amavuta yo kwisiga, n'umwuka w'umwuka muke.
- Ihererekanya risanzwe rya peteroli na gaze– aho nta ngaruka zikomeye z’isuri cyangwa inkongi y’umuriro zihari.
Ibyiza n'ibibi byabyo
Valve y'irembo ya API 600 - Ibyiza
| Akamaro | Impamvu ari ingenzi |
|---|---|
| Kwizerwa cyane mu gutanga serivisi zikomeye | Byagenewe icyiciro cya 150 kugeza icyiciro cya 2500 hamwe n'ibisabwa birenze 20 bikomeye |
| Gufunga neza cyane | Intebe z'icyuma zifata uduce tw'imashini n'ubushyuhe bwinshi; hari uburyo bwo gupakira imyuka ihumanya ikirere |
| Umutekano w'inkongi y'umuriro | Nta gupima by'inyongera bikenewe kugira ngo serivisi ikoreshwe mu muriro ishobore gushya |
| Imbaraga nyinshi z'inyubako | Inkuta nini, igiti kinini, n'agasanduku gakomeye birwanya ikoreshwa nabi |
| Igihe kirekire cyo gukora | Ubunini bw'inkuta n'imiterere ikomeye bihangana n'ingese n'isuri |
Valve y'irembo ya API 600 - Ibibi
| Imbogamizi | Impamvu ari ingenzi |
|---|---|
| Iremereye kandi nini | ~20% biremereye kurusha valve ya ASME B16.34 ingana nayo, isaba inkunga ikomeye y'imiyoboro n'umwanya munini |
| Ikiguzi kiri hejuru | Ibikoresho byinshi, gukora ibintu bigoye, no gupima cyane |
| Gukora buhoro | Amavali y'irembo asimburana kenshi kugira ngo afunguke cyangwa afungwe neza |
| Ingaruka zo kwambara intebe | Akadomo kagenda gakwirakwira ku ntebe mu gihe cyo gusinzira, bishobora gutera umujinya muri serivisi zimwe na zimwe |
| Ntabwo ari ibyo gukurura abantu | Igice cy'umwobo cyangiza intebe kandi kigacika vuba |
| Hakenewe imbaraga nyinshi | Itandukaniro rinini ry'umuvuduko risaba actuators zikomeye |
Valve y'irembo ya ASME B16.34 - Ibyiza
| Akamaro | Impamvu ari ingenzi |
|---|---|
| Uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa mu buryo bwagutse | Ipfutse irembo, umubumbe, sheki, umupira, ikinyugunyugu - itsinda iryo ari ryo ryose ry'ibikoresho |
| Bifite ubuziranenge buhanitse | Imbonerahamwe z'ubushyuhe bw'umuvuduko zoroshya guhitamo kandi zigatuma habaho guhindagurika |
| Ubworoherane mu gushushanya | Nta gifunga cy'icyuma gikozwe ku ngufu cyangwa igiti gikomeye - uwakoze umushinga ashobora kunoza |
| Igiciro gito | Ubunini buke bw'urukuta buratuma ibikoresho n'uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu bizigamwa |
| Ikoreshwa ry'inganda zitandukanye | Akora muri peteroli na gaze, amashanyarazi, imiti, amazi, n'inganda rusange |
Valve y'irembo ya ASME B16.34 - Ibibi
| Imbogamizi | Impamvu ari ingenzi |
|---|---|
| Amafaranga make yo gutanga serivisi ikomeye | Urukuta ruto nta nyongera y'ingufu cyangwa isuri itanga |
| Nta kuvugurura byihariye mu nganda | Nta bipimo byihariye by’uruganda rutunganya ibinyabutabire (urugero: umutekano w’inkongi y’umuriro, imyuka ihumanya ikirere mike) |
| Ntabwo ari ukwirinda inkongi z'umuriro mu buryo busanzwe | Ugomba gutanga itegeko ryimbitse ku gishushanyo mbonera cy’inkongi y’umuriro niba bikenewe |
Imbonerahamwe y'igereranya ryihuse – API 600 vs ASME B16.34
| Ikiranga | Valve y'irembo ya API 600 | Valve y'irembo ya ASME B16.34 |
|---|---|---|
| Ubwoko busanzwe | Ibijyanye n'inganda (peteroli na gaze) | Igipimo ngenderwaho rusange |
| Ubwoko bw'amavalufu bukubiye mu nkuru | Valve zo gushyiramo amarembo zikozwe mu buryo bwa flange/butt-weld gusa | Ubwoko bwose bw'amabanga asanzwe |
| Urugendo rw'umuvuduko | Icyiciro cya 150 - 2500 | Icyiciro cya 150 - 4500 |
| Ingano | NPS 2 - 48 | Biterwa n'ubwoko bwa valve |
| Ubunini bw'urukuta | Iremereye (hamwe n'amafaranga yo kwangirika) | Nibura (ishingiye ku gitutu) |
| Ubwoko bw'ikimenyetso | Icyuma gitegetswe kuva ku cyuma | Byoroshye cyangwa icyuma (cyangwa icyuma) |
| Igishushanyo mbonera cy'igishishwa | Ikomeye, ifite umurambararo munini | Bishobora kuba bidakomeye |
| Imboro | Imboro yuzuye gusa | Imbobo igabanyije iremewe |
| Umutekano w'inkongi | Inherent (intebe y'icyuma) | Ntabwo ari ngombwa |
| Porogaramu zisanzwe | Inganda zitunganya imashini, umwuka ushyushye cyane, ibintu bikomeye bishyushye cyane | Amazi, HVAC, imiti rusange, umwuka w'umwuka muke |
Uburyo bwo guhitamo hagati ya API 600 na ASME B16.34 Gate Valves
Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukubyumvaAPI 600 yubatswe hejuru ya ASME B16.34Valve yo kwinjira ya API 600 igomba kandi kuba yujuje ibipimo by'ubushyuhe bw'umuvuduko wa ASME B16.34. Mu yandi magambo, API 600 ni **verisiyo ikomeje** kubera inshingano zikomeye.
Hitamo API 600 igihe:
- Ibikoresho birimo sulfur, hydrogen, catalyst fines, cyangwa uduce twa coke.
- Umuvuduko w'umwuka urenze 5 MPa (≈725 psi).
- Valve iri ahantu hashobora guterwa n'inkongi y'umuriro kandi wifuza umutekano w'inkongi y'umuriro.
- Umuyoboro ugira ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa uhindagurika - inkingi ikomeye n'urukuta ruremereye birwanya umunaniro.
Hitamo ASME B16.34 igihe:
- Ibyuma bikoreshwa ni amazi meza, umwuka, umwuka udafite umwuka, cyangwa amavuta yoroheje.
- Icyiciro cy'umuvuduko ni Icyiciro cya 150 cyangwa Icyiciro cya 300 mu buryo budakoresha amashanyarazi.
- Sisitemu ni HVAC, amazi y'ingirakamaro, cyangwa amazi y'umuriro.
- Ukeneye valve idakoresha irembo (isi yose, sheki, umupira) – hanyuma ASME B16.34 ni yo shingiro ryawe.
Urugero rwihariye - inganda z'amashanyarazi:Valve z'amashanyarazi zikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi akenshi zikenera API 600 na ASME B16.34, hamwe n'ibindi bipimo ngenderwaho nka ASME B16.34 Class 4500 cyangwa MSS SP 144 kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu bushyuhe bwinshi kandi bukabije.
Ibitekerezo bya nyuma
API 600naASME B16.34ntabwo ari abanywanyi – bakora imirimo itandukanye. ASME B16.34 itangahasikugira ngo habeho igishushanyo mbonera cy’ama-valve mu nganda zose. API 600 yongerahoigisenge gikomeyeku bijyanye n'ibikomoka kuri peteroli, gaze na peteroli.
Niba ushyizeho valve isanzwe yo ku ruganda rutunganya amazi cyangwa umurongo mukuru w’umwuka, koresha API 600. Uburemere bw’inyongera n’ikiguzi bitanga umusaruro mu buryo bwizewe kandi bufite umutekano.
Niba ukeneye valve y'irembo ikoreshwa muri rusange yo gukoresha umuyoboro w'amazi akonjesha cyangwa umwuka w'umwuka muke, ASME B16.34 irahagije cyane kandi ihendutse cyane.
Gusobanukirwa ubu bucuti bigufasha kwirinda gukabya (gupfusha ubusa amafaranga) cyangwa kudashyira mu gaciro (gushobora gutsindwa).
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Imbonerahamwe (zo kugenzura abasomyi – amasoko y'umwimerere arasabwa)
- API Std 600:2021 – Valve z'Irembo ry'Icyuma
- ASME B16.34-2020 – Valves – Impera y'urukiramende, ifunze, n'iy'ubudozi
- Uburyo bwiza bw'inganda buturuka ku nganda zikomeye zikora valve n'amabwiriza y'ubuhanga
Igihe cyo kohereza: 27 Mata 2026