Valve y'umupira ni iki: Amabwiriza yo kuyikoresha n'uko ikoreshwa

Valve y'umupira, valve ifite ibice byayo byo gufungura no gufunga (umupira) zitwarwa n'umugongo wa valve kandi zizenguruka ku murongo wa valve y'umupira. Valve y'umupira ya V ifite ingufu zikomeye zo gukata hagati y'imbere yayo ya V n'intebe ya valve y'icyuma ihujwe n'icyuma gikomeye, ikwiriye cyane cyane ibikoresho birimo insinga, uduce duto duto, nibindi. Valve y'umupira ifite inzira nyinshi ntabwo ishobora kugenzura gusa aho icyuma gihurira, aho gitembera, n'aho amazi atembera ku muyoboro, ahubwo inafunga umuyoboro uwo ari wo wose kugira ngo ihuze indi miyoboro ibiri. Ubu bwoko bwa valve muri rusange bugomba gushyirwa mu buryo butambitse mu muyoboro. Valve z'umupira zigabanyijemo valve z'umupira zirimo pneumatic, valve z'umupira z'amashanyarazi, na valve z'umupira z'intoki hakurikijwe uburyo bwo gutwara.

Valve y'umupira ni iki?

AValve y'umupira yavumbuwe mu myaka ya 1950. Bitewe n'iterambere ryihuse rya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga, iterambere rihoraho mu mikorere n'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa, valve z'umupira zahindutse ubwoko bw'valve ikomeye mu myaka 40 gusa. Mu bihugu byateye imbere mu burengerazuba bw'isi, ikoreshwa rya valve z'umupira ririyongera uko umwaka utashye.

Mu gihugu cyanjye, utubati tw’umupira dukoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya peteroli, imiyoboro ikoreshwa mu ntera ndende, imiti, gukora impapuro, imiti, kubungabunga amazi, amashanyarazi, ubuyobozi bw’umujyi, ibyuma n’izindi nganda, kandi bigira uruhare runini mu bukungu bw’igihugu. Dufite uburyo bwo kuzunguruka bwa dogere 90, umubiri w’agasanduku ni uruziga, kandi hari umwobo unyuramo uruziga cyangwa umuyoboro unyura mu murongo warwo.

Vali z'umupira zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukata, gukwirakwiza no guhindura icyerekezo cy'amazi ari mu muyoboro. Zikenera gusa kuzunguruka dogere 90 n'umuvuduko muto cyane kugira ngo zifunze neza. Vali z'umupira zikwiriye cyane gukoreshwa nk'amaswichi n'amavali yo gukata, vali z'umupira zo mu bwoko bwa V. Uretse kwita ku bipimo by'imiyoboro, vali z'amashanyarazi zigomba kandi kwita cyane ku miterere y'ibidukikije zikoreshwa. Kubera ko igikoresho cy'amashanyarazi kiri muri vali y'amashanyarazi ari igikoresho cy'amashanyarazi, uko gikoreshwa bigira ingaruka cyane ku miterere y'aho gikoreshwa.

Ni ibihe biranga ibyuma bipima umupira (Ball Valve) 

• Ubudahangarwa bw'imyenda: kubera ko igice cy'imbere cya valve y'umupira gifunze neza ari isudira ikoresheje icyuma gipfundikiye,impeta yo gufunga ni icyuma gifunga, bityo valve y'umupira ifunze neza ntizangiza cyane iyo uyihindura. (Ingano yayo ni 65-70):

• Imikorere myiza yo gufunga: kubera ko agapfundikizo k'umupira w'intoki gafunze neza, gashobora gukoreshwa gusa kugeza igihe igice cy'imbere cya valve n'impeta yo gufunga bihuye neza. Bityo imikorere yacyo yo gufunga ni yizewe.

• Torque ntoya: kubera ko hasi ku mpeta yo gufunga ya valve ikomeye ifunga ikoresha isoko kugira ngo impeta yo gufunga n'inyuma ya valve bifatanye neza, switch iba yoroheje cyane iyo imbaraga zo hanze zirenze umutwaro w'isoko mbere y'uko isohoka.

• Serivisi ndendeubuzima: Yakoreshejwe cyane mu mashami atandukanye nka peteroli, inganda zikora ibinyabutabire, ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi, gukora impapuro, ingufu za atome, indege, roketi, n'ubuzima bw'abantu bwa buri munsi.

Ni izihe nyungu za ball valves

Ugereranyije n'ubundi bwoko bwa valve, valve z'umupira zifunguka vuba, neza kandi mu buryo bwizewe, zikoreshwa cyane, kandi zifite ibyiza bikurikira:

1. Uburyo bwo gukurura bugabanya imbaraga zo gukururana kw'umugozi w'ingufu, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma umugozi w'ingufu ukora neza kandi mu buryo bworoshye igihe kirekire.
2. Imikorere yo kurwanya static: Isoko rishyirwa hagati y'umupira, igice cy'umugozi wa valve, n'umubiri wa valve kugira ngo rikoreshe amashanyarazi adahindagurika akorwa mu gihe cyo guhinduranya.
3. Kubera ko ibikoresho nk'ibiPolytetrafluoroethylene ifite ubushobozi bwo kwisiga kandi itakaza gukururana guke ukoresheje umupira, valve y'umupira imara igihe kirekire.
4. Ubudahangarwa buto bw'amazi: Udupira tw'umwuka dufite ubushobozi buke bwo kudahangarwa n'amazi mu byiciro byose by'udupira. Ndetse no ku dupira tw'umwuka dufite uburebure buke, ubushobozi bwatwo bwo kudahangarwa n'amazi ni buke cyane.
5. Ifunze ryizewe ry’umugozi w’ingufu: Kubera ko umugozi w’ingufu uzenguruka gusa ariko ntuzamuke, ifunze ry’umugozi w’ingufu ntibyoroshye kwangirika, kandi ubushobozi bwo kuzifunga buriyongera uko umuvuduko uringaniye wiyongera.
6. Imikorere myiza yo gufunga intebe ya valve: Impeta yo gufunga ikozwe mu bikoresho bya elastic nka polytetrafluoroethylene biroroshye kuyifunga, kandi ubushobozi bwo gufunga umupira wa valve buriyongera uko umuvuduko uringaniye wiyongera.
7. Ubudahangarwa buke bw'amazi, uturindantoki tw'umurambararo wose nta busumbane bufite mu by'ukuri bwo gutemba.
8. Imiterere yoroshye, ingano nto n'uburemere bworoheje.
9. Ifite ubuso bubiri bwo gufunga, kandi ibikoresho byo gufunga bya valve y'umupira bikoresha cyane pulasitiki zitandukanye, kandi imikorere yayo myiza yo gufunga ishobora gutuma ifunga neza. Yanakoreshejwe cyane muri sisitemu zo gufunga.
10. Byoroshye gukoresha, gufungura no gufunga byihuse, zunguruka gusa kuri 90° uhereye ku gufungura byuzuye kugeza ku gufunga byuzuye, byoroshye kugenzura intera ndende.
11. Gusana byoroshye, valve y'umupira ifite imiterere yoroshye, kandi impeta yo gufunga muri rusange irashobora kwimurwa, byoroshye kuyikuraho no kuyisimbuza.
12. Iyo bifunguye cyangwa bifunze neza, ubuso bwo gufunga bw'umupira n'intebe ya valve bivangwa n'icyuma gifunga, kandi icyo cyuma ntikizatera kwangirika k'ubuso bwo gufunga valve iyo binyuramo.
13. Ikoreshwa mu buryo bwinshi, uburebure bwabyo buri hagati ya milimetero nke na metero nyinshi, kandi ishobora gukoreshwa kuva ku gipimo cyo hejuru kugeza ku gitutu kinini.
14. Kubera ko valve y'umupira ifite ubushobozi bwo guhanagura mu gihe cyo gufungura no gufunga, ishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga burimo uduce duto duto duhagaze.
15. Uburyo bwo gutunganya neza cyane, igiciro gihenze, ntabwo bikwiriye gukoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi, iyo hari imyanda mu muyoboro, biroroshye kuyifunga kubera imyanda, bigatuma valve idashobora gufungurwa.

Ni ibihe byiciro by'amavalufu y'umupira

 Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'imikorere

• Valve yo kunyuramo: muri rusange, uturindantoki dufungurwa n'amazi adahinduka, bityo uturindantoki dushyirwa ku rugero rwo hejuru mbere na mbere, ni ukuvuga ko impande zombi zuzuyemo amazi;
• Valve y'umwuka: iyo wuzuye amazi, umwuka urakurwaho maze agafunga valve mu buryo bwikora; iyo amazi asohoka, umwuka wongerwamo hanyuma agafunga gahita gamanuka;
• Valve yorohereza umuvuduko:Iyo ufungura kandi ugafunga valve, amazi y'umuvuduko hagati ya valve n'igipfundikizo cyo gufunga arakurwaho kugira ngo wirinde kwambara igipfundikizo cyo gufunga;
• Valve yo kuvoma amazi: kuraho imyanda yo hasi mu gice cyo hasi cy'agapira k'umupira.

Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bya valve y'umupira

• Valve y'umupira w'umwuka
• Valve y'umupira w'amashanyarazi
• Valve y'umupira w'amazi
• Valve y'umupira w'umwuka n'amazi
• Valve y'umupira w'amashanyarazi n'amazi
• Valve y'umupira wo kohereza turbine

Ishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe igikonoshwa cy'umupira/ibikoresho by'umubiri

• Valve y'umupira w'ibikoresho by'icyuma: nkaValves z'imipira ya Carbon Steel, valves z'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gitemba, valves z'icyuma ...kozwe mu cyuma gitemba, valves za titanium alloy, valves za monel, valves z'umuringa, valves za aluminiyumu alloy, valves z'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gitemban'ibindi.
• Valves z'icyuma zifite imitako: nka za valves zifite imipira, valves zifite fluorine, valves zifite icyuma gifunga, valves zifite pulasitiki, valves zifite enamel.
• Valves z'ibikoresho bitari iby'icyuma: nk'udupfundikizo twa keramike, udupfundikizo tw'ibirahure, udupfundikizo twa pulasitiki.

Ibipimo by'ingenzi bya Valve y'umupira

• Igitutu cy'amazina: PN1.0-42.0MPa, ICYICIRO CYA ANSI 150-2500, JIS10-20K
• Ingano y'umurambararo: DN6~1200, NPS 1/4~48
• Guhagarika guhuza: flange, gusudira ikibuno, umugozi, gusudira amasoko, nibindi.
• Ubushyuhe bukoreshwa: -196℃ ~ 540℃;
• Igikorwa: gukoresha intoki, kohereza ibikoresho by'ingurube, umwuka, amashanyarazi, amazi, guhuza gazi n'amazi, guhuza amashanyarazi n'amazi;
• Ibikoresho by'umubiri wa Valve: WCB, ZG1Cr18Ni9Ti, ZG1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti, CF8(304), CF3(304L), CF8M(316), CF3M (316L), Ti., Ibikoresho bitandukanye bishobora gukoreshwa mu mazi, umwuka w'umwuka, amavuta, aside nitrike, aside asetiki, ogisijeni, urea n'ibindi bikoresho.

Uburyo bwo gushyiraho n'intambwe za Valve y'umupira ku muyoboro 

1. Kuraho ibipfundikizo birinda impande zombi z'umusozo w'urukiramende hanyuma woze kandi usukure valve imaze gufungura neza.
2. Mbere yo gushyiraho, imashini yose igomba kugeragezwa hakurikijwe ikimenyetso cyagenwe (amashanyarazi cyangwa gaze) (kugira ngo hirindwe ko guhinda kw'amashanyarazi guterwa no gutwara ibintu byagira ingaruka ku mikorere), kandi ishobora gushyirwa kuri interineti gusa nyuma yo gutsinda ikizamini (gushyira insinga hakurikijwe igishushanyo mbonera cy'amashanyarazi).
3. Mbere yo guhuza umuyoboro, sukura kandi usukure imyanda isigaye mu muyoboro (ibi bintu bishobora kwangiza intebe y'umuyoboro n'umupira).
4. Mu gihe cyo gushyiraho, ntugakoreshe igice cya actuator cya valve nk'aho uzamura kugira ngo wirinde kwangiza actuator n'ibindi bikoresho.
5. Ubwo bwoko bwa valve bugomba gushyirwa mu cyerekezo kitambitse cyangwa gihagaze cy'umuyoboro.
6. Umuyoboro uri hafi y'aho ushyirwa ntugomba kugwa cyangwa ngo uhuzwe n'imbaraga zo hanze. Udukingirizo cyangwa inkingi z'imiyoboro bishobora gukoreshwa mu gukuraho ihindagurika ry'imiyoboro.
7. Nyuma yo guhuza umuyoboro, fata bolts zo guhuza flange ukoresheje torque yagenwe.

Ibihe bikurikizwa byo gukoresha valve z'umupira

Kubera ko ubusanzwe ama-valve y'umupira akoresha rubber, nylon na polytetrafluoroethylene nk'ibikoresho byo gufunga intebe y'aba-valve, ubushyuhe bwabyo bugengwa n'ibikoresho byo gufunga intebe y'aba-valve. Ingaruka zo kuzimya umupira w'umupira zigerwaho n'umupira w'icyuma ukandagirwa ku ntebe y'aba-valve ya pulasitiki munsi y'igikorwa cy'icyuma (valve y'umupira ireremba). Impeta yo gufunga intebe y'aba-valve ihinduka ihinduka rya pulasitiki mu duce duto duto munsi y'igitutu runaka cyo gukoraho. Uku guhindagurika gushobora kwishyura uburyo umupira ukora neza kandi ubuso bwawo bukagira ubukana, bigatuma umupira w'aba-valve ukomeza gukora neza.

Kubera ko agace k'intebe k'umupira gakunze kuba gakozwe muri pulasitiki, uburyo bwo kwirinda inkongi no gukumira inkongi y'umuriro bw'umupira bugomba kwitabwaho mu guhitamo imiterere n'imikorere y'umupira, cyane cyane mu ishami rya peteroli, imiti, ibyuma n'ibindi, kandi ikoreshwa rya valves z'umupira mu bikoresho no mu miyoboro ifite ibikoresho bishya n'ibiturika bigomba kwitabwaho cyane mu kwirinda inkongi no gukumira inkongi.

Muri rusange, valve z'umupira zirasabwa mu miyoboro ifite uburyo bwo guhindura imyanya ibiri, gukora neza mu gufunga, ibyondo, kwangirika, uburyo bwo gufunga bugabanuka, gufungura no gufunga vuba (gufungura no gufunga igice cya kane cy'umuvuduko), gufunga umuvuduko mwinshi (itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko munini), urusaku ruto, gufunga no gushyira umwuka mu kirere, gusohora amazi mu kirere, imbaraga nke zo gukora, no kudakoresha amazi menshi.

Amavali y'umupira arakwiriye kandi ku miyoboro ifite imiterere yoroheje, igabanya umuvuduko muke (itandukaniro rito ry'umuvuduko), n'ibikoresho byangiza. Amavali y'umupira ashobora kandi gukoreshwa mu bikoresho bikonje cyane (ubukonje bwinshi) na sisitemu z'imiyoboro. Mu miyoboro ya ogisijeni mu nganda zikora ibyuma, amavali y'umupira yakuwemo amavuta cyane agomba gukoreshwa. Iyo umuyoboro munini mu muyoboro wa peteroli n'umuyoboro wa gazi ukeneye gutwikirwa munsi y'ubutaka, hagomba gukoreshwa ivali y'umupira yuzuye. Iyo hakenewe imikorere igenzura, ivali y'umupira ifite imiterere yihariye ifite umwobo umeze nka V igomba gutoranywa. Mu mazutu, peteroli, imiti, ingufu z'amashanyarazi, n'ubwubatsi bw'umujyi, amavali y'umupira afunganye kuva ku cyuma kugera ku cyuma ashobora gutoranywa ku miyoboro ifite ubushyuhe burenga dogere 200.

Ibyiza n'ibibi bya bal valves

Ibyiza bya Valve y'umupira:

1. Ifite ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amazi mu rugero rwo hasi cyane (mu by’ukuri ni 0);
2. Kubera ko itazigera ihagarara mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha (igihe nta mavuta arimo), ishobora gukoreshwa neza mu bintu bihumanya ikirere n'ibintu bishyuha cyane;
3. Ishobora gufunga neza mu gihe cy'umuvuduko mwinshi n'ubushyuhe bwinshi;
4. Ishobora gufungura no gufunga byihuse, kandi igihe cyo gufungura no gufunga by’inyubako zimwe na zimwe ni 0.05 ~ 0.1s gusa, kugira ngo ikoreshwe muri sisitemu y’imikorere y’imashini ipima. Iyo valve ifunguwe kandi igafungwa vuba, icyo gikorwa kiba nta nkomyi.
5. Igice cyo gufunga gifite umubumbe gishobora kwigaragaza mu buryo bwikora aho umupaka uri;
6. Uburyo bwo gukora bufunze neza ku mpande zombi;
7. Iyo bifunguye neza kandi bifunze neza, ubuso bwo gufunga bw'umupira n'intebe ya valve biba bitandukanyijwe n'ubwo buryo, bityo ubwo buryo bunyura muri valve ku muvuduko mwinshi ntibuzatera kwangirika k'ubuso bwo gufunga;
8. Inyubako ni nto kandi yoroheje, kandi ishobora gufatwa nk'inyubako nziza cyane ya valve ku buryo buciriritse bwo gushyuha;
9. Igice cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi gifite imiterere ingana, cyane cyane imiterere y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, ushobora kwihanganira umuvuduko uturuka ku muyoboro;
10. Igice cyo gufunga gishobora kwihanganira itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko mwinshi iyo gifunze. ⑾ Valve y'umupira ifite agace ka valve gapfundikiye neza ishobora gutwikirwa munsi y'ubutaka, kugira ngo imbere muri valve idashonga, kandi igihe ntarengwa cyo kuyikoresha gishobora kugera ku myaka 30. Ni valve nziza cyane ku miyoboro ya peteroli na gaze karemano.

Ingaruka mbi ku mupira w'umupira

1. Kubera ko impeta yo gufunga intebe y'umupira w'ingufu ikozwe muri poly tetra fluoro ethylene, ifite ubushobozi bwo kwaguka cyane, ishobora kwangirika mu gihe cy'ubukonje, kandi ikaba ifite ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara ubushyuhe. Kubwibyo, iyo ibikoresho byo gufunga bikomeje gukomera, icyizere cy'ingufu zo gufunga kirangirika.
2. Byongeye kandi, polytetrafluoroethylene ifite ubushyuhe buke kandi ishobora gukoreshwa gusa ku bushyuhe buri munsi ya 180°C. Iyo ubushyuhe burenze ubu, ibikoresho byo gufunga bizasaza. Ukurikije ikoreshwa ry'igihe kirekire, muri rusange ikoreshwa gusa kuri 120°C.
3. Imikorere yayo yo kuyihindura ni mibi kurusha iya valve ihagarika, cyane cyane valve y'umwuka (cyangwa valve y'amashanyarazi).